The Hero Figure in the Writings of Ernest Hemingway free essay sample

This paper examines the heroes of Ernest Hemingways stories. This paper addresses the question of the gender of the heroes in Ernest Hemingways writings. It points out that women in his stories are most often portrayed as inferior characters. However, an analysis of one of his short stories, Hills Like White Elephants, highlights a female character with strength equal to male characters often found to be the hero in his other stories. Ernest Hemingway has the unfortunate reputation of being a misogynist. The women in his stories are often described as too weak or too dysfunctional to be sympathetic characters. However, some of his heroines are just as noble and compelling as his heroes. In A Farewell to Arms, for instance, Catherine is the code hero who teaches Hemingway hero Frederic courage and stoicism in the face of adversity. Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants also highlights a surprisingly strong female character who in many ways resembles a code hero. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero Figure in the Writings of Ernest Hemingway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Correctional theory and policy Essays

Correctional theory and policy Essays Correctional theory and policy Essay Correctional theory and policy Essay in his survey of this plan, found that the consequence on cut downing recidivism worked for the first twelvemonth. However, the consequence seemed to vanish after two old ages ( Martinson, 1974, p. 33 ) . Does sentence length makes a difference in recidivism rates? It has been found that its consequence varies harmonizing to the type of wrongdoer. For illustration, Gerrity ( 1956 ) divided his wrongdoers into three classs – prosocial , anti-social , and manipulative ( Martinson, 1974, p. 37 ) . His findings with the prosocial wrongdoers was low recidivism rates which was non dependent on sentence length. The antisocial wrongdoer appeared to make better with shorter sentences while the manipulative wrongdoer did better with longer sentences ( Martinson, 1974, p. 37 ) . Psychotherapy in community scenes may work but minimum grounds exists to find true decrease in recidivism rates ( Martinson, 1974, p. 40 ) . OBrien ( 1961 ) in his survey of a community based plan found that they produce small betterment ( Martinson, 1974, p. 40 ) . When comparing probation/parole versus prison, Wilkins ( 1958 ) found that the usage of probation did non increase recidivism rates significantly ( Martinson, 1974, p. 41 ) . Another survey conducted by the State of Michigan ( 1963 ) demonstrated the increased usage of probation led to improved recidivism rates ( Martinson, 1974, p. 42 ) . Yet, Babst and Shoham suggested a pessimistic decision when it concerns the bounds of intervention plans due to the features of wrongdoers such as age, type of discourtesy, and if they are a first clip wrongdoer. Some will make good while others do non ( Martinson, 1974, p. 42 ) . Johnson ( 1926 ) found that intensive supervising does non supply the rehabilitative benefits it claims ( Martinson, 1974, p. 46 ) . Martinson concludes his article with the position that there may be something that works or even working now but we have non discovered as yet that may discourage instead than remedy and reform a convicted wrongdoer every bit good as prevent offense ( Martinson, 1974, p. 50 ) . He believes that a better agencies of societal control may be possible ( Martinson, 1974, p. 50 ) . Challenge THE NOTHING WORKS VIEWPOINT Ted Palmer did non hold with Martinson s decision of nothing works . At the clip of Martinson s survey, meta-analysis was non available. He reviewed Martinson s readings of what the surveies really found ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 154-155 ) . Palmer noted that Martinson had cited 82 surveies that included recidivism informations and found that 39 of the surveies could be categorized as decreased recidivism ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 155 ) He farther reported that there was sufficient grounds that half the clip the intervention worked ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 156 ) . Palmer felt that if true, so one should look at what was different from those that were non successful and believe that rehabilitation is patterned and non random ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 156 ) . In the 1990s, a meta-analysis was done on available surveies which evaluates surveies and uses statistics to find the relationship between the intervention intercession and the steps of recidivism. It can be zero , positive or negative Zero meant no consequence on recidivism. Positive meant it increases recidivism. Negative meant it reduced recidivism. This relationship is known as the consequence size ( Cullen and Jonson,2012, p. 160 ) . The meta-analysis found that the overall consequence of rehabilitative plans is +.10 which means that the recidivism rate for control groups were approximately 10 % higher than the intervention group. This clearly contradicts Martinson s findings ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 162 ) . The research showed that Martinson s decision was really a anticipation of homogeneousness of consequence sizes. The meta-analysis suggested that the effects of intervention plans are really heterogenous. It further shows that some plans had no consequence. Yet, other types of plans did the antonym. They demonstrated consequence sizes of +.25 or higher which means the recidivism rates for intervention groups would be 37.5 % where control groups would hold 62.5 % . The Canadian bookmans who conducted the meta-analysis developed three chief rules of effectual intercession that if followed by the plans would ensue in a meaningful decrease in recidivism ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 162 ) . The consequence of meta-analysis on Martinson s nothing works philosophy gave rehabilitation protagonists qualitative grounds that intervention plans do cut down recidivism and that some plans are effectual ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 163-164 ) . Principles OF EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION Harmonizing to Cullen and Jonson ( 2012 ) , a better and more systematic attack is to implement plans based on the rules of effectual intervention . Empirical grounds has shown that it is the most powerful through empirical observation justified intervention paradigm available ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 165 ) . The rules of effectual intercession are ( 1 ) intercession should aim known forecasters of offense and recidivism. This is known as the needs rule. There are two forecasters that categorizes an wrongdoer as at hazard for offense. The first is inactive. These represent the wrongdoer s condemnable history and can non be changed. The 2nd forecasters are known as dynamic. These include antisocial attitudes and values which can be changed ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 166-167 ; Andrews and Bonta, 2010, p. 47 ) ; ( 2 ) intercession requires that intervention services be based on cognitive behavioural intercession. This rule is besides known as the responsivity rule ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 167-168 ; Andrews and Bonta, 2010, p. 48 ) . Harmonizing to Andrews ( 1995 ) , intercessions must include cognitive behavioural and societal larning techniques of mold, graduated pattern, function playing, support, extinction, resource proviso, concrete verbal suggestions ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 168 ) . The support must be positive and services intense. If the intercessions used do non turn to the factors, it will non be effectual ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, 168 ) ; ( 3 ) intercession is the usage of intercession interventions that address the dynamic hazard factors of high hazard wrongdoers ( Andrews and Bonta, 2010, p. 49-50 ) . Cullen and Johnson ( 2012 ) suggest that high hazard wrongdoers can alter and hold demonstrated that intervention services provided a major nest eggs and recidivism ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 168 ) . It was further noted that successful appraisal of high hazard wrongdoers is possible when the trust of clinical judgements of couns ellors are non used ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 168 ) . Clinical judgements are similar to insider cognition ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 168 ) ; and ( 4 ) intercession is that we must take into consideration other factors and reference these to obtain an addition in intervention effectivity and run intoing the wrongdoer s demands ( Andrews and Bonta, 2010, pp. 50-52 ) For this, it is indispensable to carry on intercessions within the community, guarantee good trained staff are interpersonally positive, are monitored and cognize how to present the intervention service ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 169 ) . Follow-up on wrongdoers should be done after completion of intervention plan and supply aftercare when needed. Specific responsivity is indispensable as the intervention should be carried out and matched to the wrongdoers larning manner for it to be effectual. One illustration given by Cullen and Jonson ( 2012 ) , wherein all wrongdoers with a low IQ may non react good to verbal intercessions but respond better to intercessions that provide touchable reinforcing stimuluss and insistent behavioral dry run and determining skills ( p. 169 ) . RESTORATIVE JUSTICE The function of renewing justness ( RJ ) is to enforce some signifier of penalty while integrating efforts to rehabilitate the wrongdoer every bit good as conveying damages to the victim by the wrongdoer. RJ has three cardinal rules: 1 ) offense is harmful to the community, the victims every bit good as to the wrongdoer ; 2 ) its end should be to change by reversal the injury caused by the condemnable act ; and 3 ) this is accomplished through sentencing and correctional plans that are geared to reconstruct the victims, the community and the wrongdoer to the original province before the offense ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 129-130 ) . There are two attacks to RJ. The first is the victim becomes cardinal to the condemning process ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 130 ) . With this attack, the province serves more as an supreme authority instead than an adversary and allows victims the chance to voice their feelings and present their involvements in the affair ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 130 ) . The 2nd attack is the reintegration of the wrongdoer into the community and to dishonor the act instead than stigmatise the individual for the remainder of his or her life ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 130 ) . If the wrongdoer is non successfully reintegrated into the community, farther offense will be committed. It is common that a victim-offender conference is held with the end to let the wrongdoer to demo compunction and come to some type of damages that is acceptable to both the victim and the wrongdoer. Cullen and his co-workers believe RJ is an appealing theory for three grounds. The first is that it seems to profit all parties as it lessens the injury to all. Second, it is supported by both progressives and conservativists as they argue that the correctional system pays excessively much attending on the wrongdoer while pretermiting the victim. The 3rd ground is the pickings of duty and answerability for his actions with a societal exchange with the victim ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp.132-133 ) . There may be factors that may do RJ non to successfully make its intended end such as the justness job, the prison job, and the criminological job ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 137 ) . There are many theories of corrections stressing penalty. It is more focussed on acquiring justness. With RJ, the wrongdoer can apologize but may neglect to truly reconstruct the victim. In this sense, RJ does non supply justness but transforms into an injustice for the victim ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 137 ) . The 2nd issue is that RJ can be implemented while in prison where they may hold the conferences and the wrongdoer may take to pay monies from his prison net incomes but the end is to take wrongdoers from the condemnable justness plan so that justness can be achieved in the community ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 137 ) . The concluding issue for RJ is the criminological job. The issue stems from whether the behaviour of the wrongdoer can be changed and of the wish to alter and reconstruct the victim. RJ has been shown through research to cut down recidivism to the extent as human service intercession. However, it does non cut down recidivism every bit good every bit rehabilitate as RJ is based on a theory of offense ; it does non aim alteration of known forecasters of recidivism, its intercessions is excessively weak to alter serious wrongdoers and ignores the rules of effectual correctional intercession ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp 134-139 ) . Early Intervention Early intercession is indispensable as it is effectual in cut downing offense and costs ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 202 ) . There is much to be learned from the life rhythm of a kid as it develops.. Surveies have shown that kids develop condemnable inclinations early on childhood such as aggression ( hit, bite, kick, and jostle one another ) . Yet, they are non seen as felons and are easy ignored ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 170-171 ) . Terri Moffit ( 1993 ) developed a developmental theory of antisocial behaviour which was consistent with traditional criminology. She found that striplings normally commit offenses during their teenage old ages. However, she farther indicated that the roots of chronic offending begins in early childhood ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 175-177 ) . Moffit s theory was of import because it legitimized two positions about offenses. The first is that chronic piquing Begins in early childhood. The 2nd is that continuity is the trademark of the little group of life-course relentless antisocial individuals whereas the group does non alter across the life class ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 176 ) . Moffit s theory demonstrates that early antisocial behaviour is a strong marauder of delinquency ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 176 ) . Harmonizing to Robins, adult societal behaviour requires childhood and societal behaviour. There are some cautions which must be kept in head such as the fact that holding behavior jobs during early childhood does non intend that it will take to a life of offense. If stableness in behaviour is invariably in problem kids will most probably be troubled teens. Antisocial grownups who are imprisoned normally have their roots in early childhood ( Cullen and Jonson p 177 ) . Therefore, childhood criminology provides the rational decision that early intercession is necessary. Longitudinal surveies are the lone manner to capture how and when condemnable callings unfold ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, p. 177 ) . By supplying early intercession, it can cut down the possible costs and may even forestall the continuity of life-course relentless wrongdoers. Longitudinal surveies are dearly-won and span over a period of old ages but the information obtained brings forth new findings that allow the corr ectional system to concentrate on early intercession much Oklahoman and create age based plans from pre-school to household therapy, It is cost effectual and has strong public support ( Cullen and Jonson, 2012, pp. 177-202 ) . PUBLIC OPINION AND REHABILITATION Harmonizing to Cullen, Vose, Lero-Jonson, and Unnever ( 2007 ) , study research has shown that the public supports a social public assistance rehabilitative attack to crime ( p. 109 ) . Opinion polls have besides revealed that the bulk of Americans support policies such as capital penalty, three work stoppages Torahs and harsher condemnable tribunals ( Cullen, et Al, 2007, p. 110 ) . However, there is still ideological infinite for reformatory scheduling such as early intercession ( Cullen, et Al, 2007, p. 111 ) . In another canvass, utilizing a Likert graduated table, research workers asked the respondents to province what should be the prison s focal point. The response picks were rehabilitative , punishment , or protect society . In a forced pick response set, the surveies have been consistent in uncovering that from a one-fourth to half of the respondents selected rehabilitation as their preferable end attack ( Cullen, et Al, 2007, p. 112 ) . The United States is non merely a sci entific state but besides a state that values societal public assistance ( Cullen, et Al, 2007, p. 120 ) . After reappraisal of the research it is evident that the public strongly supports early intercession. Decision Through the research and qualitative grounds provided, it has been demonstrated that rehabilitation and early intercession plants. It is besides strongly supported by the populace. There is still much to be learned. However, through new research new and improved plans can be created to increase the success of rehabilitation and the decrease of recidivism. After reexamining Martinson s nothing works philosophy and the findings of Ted Palmer and the Canadian bookmans meta-analysis, it is clear that intervention plans cut down recidivism if done right and evaluated through meta-analysis from clip to clip to mensurate the continuity of its effectivity. Mentions Martinson, R. 1974. What Works? Questions and Answers About Prison Reform. The Public Interest35 ( Spring ) :22-54. Andrews, D. A. , and J. Bonta. 2010.The Psychology of Criminal Conduct.New Providence, NJ: Anderson.Chapter 2, pp. 49-78, The Empirical Base of PCC and the RNR Model of Assessment and Crime Prevention Through Human Service. Cullen, F. T. and C. L. Jonson. 2012.Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences.Chapter 7. Rehabilitation: What Works to Change Offenders. Cullen, F. T. and C. L. Jonson. 2012.Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences. Chapter 8, Early Intervention: Salvaging Children From a Life in Crime, Cullen, F. T. B. A. Vose, C. L. Jonson, and J. D. Unnever. 2007. Public Support for Early Intervention: Is Child Salvaging a Habit of the Heart? Victims and Wrongdoers2 ( No. 2 ) :109-124. 1

(TiME) mission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(TiME) mission - Essay Example The TiME team proposed a mission to land on the methane surface of Saturn’s moon to explore and interact with its atmosphere. Among the goals that were set to be achieved by TiME include: carrying out for the first time a direct inspection of an extraterrestrial sea, measure and sample the organic makeup of a different planet directly and give the first ever extended in situ research of a liquid volatile cycle away from earth. The other proposal of the group was called Comet Hopper or Chopper. The proposal involved placing a Lander on the surface of comet 46P/Wirtanen to study its composition. Since it was to have thrusters it would be able to move from one part of the comet to the other. The Titan Mare Explorer Mission was to explore directly an environment that is like an ocean beyond earth. The vessel known as TiME was to both land and float on this sea of methane-ethane cloudy and complex moon. The team for this mission was lead by principal investigator Ellen Stofan of Proxemy Research Inc. While the TiME capsule was to be built by Lockheed Martin in Denver. Instruments would have been gotten from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, APL and Malin Space Science Systems. The technology that would have been used is one of a kind. Titan has an atmosphere that is thicker than that of the earth, this means solar power would not have been use and battery would only be sufficient for a few hours. This would have left the option of using Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG). This would have provided power that is four times that of radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Before TiME there were other missions that had similar objectives such as Solar System Decadal Survey which could see its launch in 2020s if considered under the Titan-Saturn System Mission, and Titan Lake In-situ Sampling Propelled Explorer or â€Å"TALISE†. The latter is based

Cyber Attacks on Financial and Energy Sector Thesis

Cyber Attacks on Financial and Energy Sector - Thesis Example As it is with most cases the views on the risks of cyber attacks, both perceived and real, vary between two groups of expert opinions. While some experts opine that cyber attacks are not only inevitable but imminent and could bring all sectors of the US economy to a standstill, others say that the threat of cyber risks have been blown out of proportion, as critical structures of the country are well protected. According to Richard Clarke (White House cyberspace advisor till 2003), as quoted in the Washington Monthly, 2002, companies know that they will lose a certain amount of revenue from cyber attack and since cyber attack is not considered to be an important threat, the amount spent on cyber security is even less than the amount spend on coffee in the office. Financial institutions, which not only include banks and other depositories but also investment companies, insurers, security dealers, etc, comprise the critical financial sector of the US economy. As more and more of the financial sector is getting dependent on information technology, the risk of cyber attacks has become very real. In the President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection of 1996 and 1997, analysts clearly predicted the growing risk that the financial sector would be facing due to systems vulnerability. Almost every sector today works with data that is on the system rather than being physically on paper. This has not only increased the vulnerability of the sector but also made it more system-dependent. Cyber attacks are taking various forms such as theft of credit cards, misuse of private information, and stealing of intellectual property; the estimated costs by way of financial loss was found to be approximately USD 200 billion in 2004. The Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT) reported 80,000 cases of cyber attacks on the financial, defense, aerospace and computing industries, among others, in March 2007. Here is an example to

Social Networking Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Social Networking Sites - Essay Example Carrying out marketing campaigns using social networking sites generally entails the following: planning – building an SMM plan is vital. The business needs to take into consideration keyword research and brainstorm content ideas which would interest the ideal customers. Content – consistent with other e-marketing areas, content is essential when it comes to SMM. The business should ensure that it offers valuable information that the target audience would find interesting. The business should make a variety of content by implementing infographics, videos as well as images besides content that is text-based (Evans 2013, p. 22). Blog – it is noteworthy that blogging is an imperative SMM tool which allow the business to share various content and information with the readers. Using blogs, the business can also blog about its recent social media events, contests and efforts. Tracking business rivals – it is generally essential to keep an eye on the competition as they could offer valuable SMM insight such as where to get links that are industry-related. They can also provide important data for keyword research. If the business rivals are utilizing a particular SMM technique that appears to be working for them effectively, the business can also do the same thing, but do it much better (Qing 2012, p. 38). Consistent Brand Image – the use of social networking sites for marketing purposes allows the firm to project its brand image across several dissimilar platforms of social media. Whist every platform has its own distinctive voice and environment, the core identity of the business should remain consistent. Links – whilst employing social networking sites for the purposes of marketing depends mainly on the business sharing its own original and distinctive... According to this paper social networking sites are good in supporting business. The various platforms of social media such as Pinterest, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Google+ and Facebook allow the enterprise to promote its products to its followers, and in so doing increase sales volume. Additionally, by engaging and interacting with customers, these social networking sites are also employed by businesses to improve customer care by responding to the clients’ questions and addressing their concerns. Nonetheless, there are a number of potential threats of using these sites for business. These threats include: acting as a platform where people with ill-intentions can generate spiteful negative comments which may hurt the reputation of the business; human error resulting in leaked corporate data; staff members of the business could make inappropriate comments on the social media account of the business; and malware attacks from external sources. However, these threats could be av oided by ensuring that the staff members are educated regarding security threats, and carrying out a wide-ranging data and access control strategy. The paper shows that in general, the best technique for preventing the potential threats that come about as a result of a business using social networking sites is to ensure that the staff members are educated regarding security threats that are associated with social networking websites. The enterprise can also carry out a wide-ranging data and access control strategy so as to prevent loss of data.

The Third Ways Ideology In Britain

The Third Ways Ideology In Britain In this essay I would be discussing how The Third Ways ideologies have affected the development of Social Policy within Britain. I will be concentrating on their success and failure by comparing it policies with other the political ideology of The New Right and The Old Left. I will be focusing on three of the Third Way policies which are Social, Welfare State and Health Policy The Third Way is an ideology strongly supported by Tony Blair and the then America president Bill Clinton. Soon after the presidential election in America, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown travelled to America to meet Bill Clinton. They all realise that the share a lot of things in common especially the philosophy of John Macmurray and this was how The Third Way came into existence. In the 1997 Labour manifesto Tony Blair claimed that new approach needs to be given to all area of each policy which would be different from both The Social Democratic and The New Right. (Labour Party 1997a). The Third Way was meant to be a form of renewal for Social Democracy but the other parties view it as non-ideological theory without much fact to stand on. Tony Blair describes The Third Way as means of updating the welfare state to fit in into the 21st century by given the state and the community a chance to make a different. In my view, I believe that The Third Way is all about empowerment and given opportunities and way out to the poor especially the less privileged groups which includes lone parents families, unemployed, disables and pensioners by supporting them into getting jobs and developing their independent skills. The Third Way focused mainly on ending poverty by making it clear to the society that work is the quickest way out of poverty. From my research I can argue that The Third Way is a bit different from both The New Right and The Old Left, for instance The Old Left put more focus on the delivery of means but putting less emphasis on how it would be delivered and not measuring outcome while The New Right are more into cutting public services which leads to increase in poverty level and making it difficult for people to find a way out. The Third Way can also be described as a means of modernising the approach to politics whilst holding on to its major elementary values. One of the aims of The Third Way is to create awareness to the society on how to overcome poverty by providing access to education for all ages and providing training and apprenticeship. This is an example of Giddens view of The Third Way as I quote investing in human capital wherever possible rather than the direct provision of economic maintenance. In place of welfare state we should put the social investment state, operating in the context of a positive welfare society. (Giddens, 1998 p177). Tony Blair was very famous for this quote a hand up rather than a hand out (Tony Blair) leads me to explain the four main values of The Third Way: The four key values of The Third way The value of a community Unlike Margaret Thatcher who doesnt think that there is a society as I quote There is no such thing as society: there are individual men and women, and there are families. The New Labour was not in support of this and they believe that it was very important to provide a service that reflects the needs of the community. Commitment to equal opportunity Deprivation needs to be addressed and it must not be seen as an excuse for failing to provide opportunities. For example, whether it is the absence of a GPs surgery on a council estate or uncontrolled crime or poor housing or failing schools the theory is that the cycle of deprivation can be broken by the community. Emphasis on responsibility It is very important that an individual takes adequate responsibility for their actions especially the socially excluded group. For example, the government will support those who want to give up smoking but they also need to do their own part by participating in the service provided. Accountability More effort needs to put into measuring outcome as it plays a major role in finding out if a policy is working and how it can be improved. Services needs to be provided in the best way possible and monitored and service provided needs to be held accountable for the success and failure of their service. In the next pages I would be evaluating the policies of The Third Way by comparing them to the other parties policies and focusing on which on what works and what could have been done differently. Policies Housing Policy At the time of Margaret Thatcher under the Conservative government, welfare state went through a lot of transformation especially in the area of housing policy which makes it very important for the other parties coming into power to acknowledge the changes. Going back to the beginning of the 19th century around 1918 to be precise, the war just ended and the main needs that was identified was housing due to soldiers returning home from war into extreme housing conditions. The government then decided to set up programmes of building new properties. By the end of 1919 government used part of the income tax to fund projects managed by the councils and making sure that rents are made affordable and within reason. From the conservatives manifesto of 1979, emphasis was laid into helping families own their homes. They identified that a lot of families would like the idea of owning their own home but they finds it difficult to raise the deposit for a mortgage or prevented from doing so under the local authority and the Labour government. The Conservatives decided that it was the right time to remove all these restrictions by given council tenants the Right to Buy their homes. The right to buy came into effect on 3rd October 1980. Council tenants were allowed to buy their homes. The New Right manifesto made an obligation to introduce Right to Buy this gives secured council tenants of more than 3 years the right to buy their homes at a heavily discounted price. The policy entitled tenants to buy their homes at a minimum discount of 33% of market value of the house and 44% for flats. But there is a clause to the policy that emphasised that if the property is resold within 3 years, some of the discount should/must be repaid to the local authority. This idea became very popular and it was one of the ideas that were identified with the conservatives. At the beginning the Labour party was not in support of the right to buy due to the fact that there will be financial consequences and the effect it would have on the remaining tenants. But by 1985 the sale of property has increased tremendously as shown in the table below: This table shows Public sector new housing completions and Right to Buy sales in Britain (1980-95) Housing completions (000s) Right to Buy sales (000s) 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 86 66 37 35 34 27 23 20 20 18 17 10 5 3 2 2 1 82 200 142 103 94 91 106 164 186 129 75 65 61 67 51 Source: Wilcox (1997) By the time the labour party comes into power in 1997, the right to buy scheme has slow down and they decided to reduce the discount. Labour sees this as a failure because two thirds of the families that bought their property under the Right to Buy within the last ten years have accumulated huge mortgage arrears, negative equity and a huge numbers of homes have been repossessed because families were unable to make payment. During the term of Mrs Thatcher the number of homeless household increased tremendously and it also leads to the economic recession of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The Labour party stated in their 1997 manifesto as I quote .the Conservatives lack of housing strategy has led to the virtual abandonment of social housing, the growth of homelessness... The Labour Party made it their priority to address what causes the housing market to collapse. They decided that the council should use the money they received from the sale of property should be used to build new properties and keeping the old ones up to the level of decent homes. The local authorities would be asked to give priority to families of individuals who are homeless but not by their own fault. In my view The New Right are more in support of quick solution but dont always consider the long time effect the housing policy would have on the welfare state while Labours Third Way focused on outcome and prevention. Labour also lays a lot of emphasis on what was the cause and how best to tackle the situation. In regards to the Right to Buy in my opinion it was used by the Conservatives as a way of controlling people i.e. if you have a mortgage you will think twice before going on strike or walking out of a job due to the responsibility and mortgage commitment while Labour looks at how to help people keep up their repayment and laying out prevention if things goes wrong. I believe that the Right to Buy was a good idea initially but the way it was implemented may be a bit wrong however during the term of Mrs Thatcher the housing market improved a lot. Social Welfare Policy The new Labour focused on issues faced by the poor i.e. lone parent families, disables, unemployed and pensioners. The Conservatives focused on the idea that individuals performs better when market forces are unleashed (Martin Hewitt). The introduction of the New Deal as part of Labours welfare reform programme is seen as a positive outcome than Conservatives achievement on the workfare welfare. Tony Blair implies that there has been no truly comprehensive review of the welfare state in all its elements since the Beveridge (DSS, 1918a, p iii). The New Deal was introduced in January 1998 and it main focus was to provide support for the poor and less privileged people in the society. At the time there was a rise in people claiming incapacity benefit (1.85 millions) and unemployment has also rise especially in young people (80000). When the New Deal was first introduced many politicians opposed to it and some up till now because they believes that people out of work should be neglected. But since the introduction of the New deal more than 1.8 million people have benefited and got into employment and training. Over the last 10 years 300000 lone parents are back in work and this is a great way of reducing child poverty. As of now, the New Deal is going through reformation in other to be able to continue to tackle the problems of employment by helping people to develop their skills. The New Deal runs programmes for young people ages 18-25 claiming jobseekers allowance (JSA) for more than 6 months. The programme will help them develop skills which would increase their chance of getting into work. In July 1998 the New Deal introduces another programme for people aged 25 and above concentrating mainly on people claiming JSA for over 2 years. Each claimant would be given a personal adviser that helps them to identify their strength and weakness. It helps them develop and recognise the skills and experience they may already have and empower them to build on it to create opportunities for jobs. New Deal works in partnership voluntary and private sector to delivering it services and according to research the New Deal programme has been the most successful innovation of the Labour party. Due to the current recession, unemployment figures have risen again. The Conservatives government inherited a welfare state that minimised fraud rather than maximised work (Peck, Workfare 273). There focus was to restrict eligibility and reduce replacement ratio from 43% in 1972 to 16% (Peck, Workfare 284). Health Policy The National Health Service (NHS) was created by the Labour Party more than 60 years ago. When Labour came out of power in May 1979, the NHS was in a good and stable place with good performance outcome on financial structure. The Conservatives were not in support of the idea at the beginning. There was an expectation that it would be dissolved when Margaret Thatcher came into power in 1979 but this failed to happen as stated in her 1979 manifesto I have no intention of dismantling the health service than in dismantling Britains defence (Margaret Thatcher 1979). However the government aims to bring in competence and competition into healthcare market. By allowing hospitals and GPs to compete for funding. They informed health authorities to use private companies where possible i.e. private companies would compete on who could be responsible for the hospital laundry or catering. Others ways hospitals can raise funds under the Conservatives includes renting out space to florist, sweet sh ops, charging foreign patients for their health care and many more. The New Right were all about privatisation and commercialisation while The Third way is in favour of modernising and providing quality service that would be accountable to the community. Labour plans to stop the privatisation of the NHS in their 1992 manifesto but the lost to the Conservatives during the election. In my view it is very difficult to conclude which government policy on the NHS has actually works, the quality of care have improved under both governments especially around the waiting time for patients however issues surrounding increase in funding and performance target plus lack of good performance outcome can be challenged. I believe that both parties lays good legacy for the NHS and whether their policy work or not they all share the same ideas on some levels. The Third Way, The New Right and The Old Left all have policies focusing on the quasi market. Law and Order Policy One of the biggest challenge the Labour party faced law and order. The conservative party were seen as a Party of law and order (Sarah Charman and Stephen P. Savage). On the day that the Conservatives worn the general election in 1979 Margaret Thatcher stated: What the country needs is less tax and more law and order (Savage, 1990). The Tories believes that tougher approach needs to be taken and they made a commitment to increase police numbers and power to put an end to crime by waging war against it. New sentences were introduced to the court targeting young offenders; new prisons were built to deal with the problem of prison shortages. James Callaghan stated that the roots of crime are still social deprivation, broken homes and all the rest (Labour Home Secretary, 1970). The Labour party manifesto elaborate their main concern for future action this includes quick sentence for young continual offenders, clean-up on petty crimes and neighbourhood disorder, reform the Crown Prosecution Service, crime prevention and more police patrolling the streets. The Labour party realised that in other to tackle crime they needs to look into It is hard to establish the success or failure of law and order policy in Britain, Labour appears to be tough on crime and the cause of crime while the Conservatives acknowledged that dramatic short-term improvement is needed. I can only come to one conclusion that Tony Blairs government was more focused on been tougher on crime that both The New Right and The Old Left.

African American and Ebonics Essay

What if all of America spoke in Ebonics? â€Å"What up cuz† or â€Å"Holla at me. † That would be crazy right? Sharice, Travis, Rickia, and I did a report on the evidence for the critical element of the Oakland school board proposal and the convention that temporary African American Vernacular Forms (AAV) of speaking show strong influence from West-African languages. The Oakland school board proposed to the state that the kids learning will be improved with the recognition and understanding of Ebonics. My article came from the internet, and it is titled â€Å"A Case of Ebonics. † Ebonics is a critical language, with powerful elements of a distinct language, spoken by many Americans of African descent, a language marked by a long and rich history. While most other languages are restricted to specific geographical regions, Ebonics is a way of speaking shared by a large percentage of African-Americans living everywhere in the United States. Ebonics has been branded as a poor form of Standard English. Some think of it as lazy lips and lazy thinking. Because Ebonics held on to many leftover characteristics from West African languages, there has been debate as to whether it is a language of American English or another language altogether. Ebonics has a long history that began in Africa. It started when people from many different African villages were brought to American slave markets. The slave owners often purposely mixed the slaves by tribe so that they could not communicate directly in the language of a single tribe. For them to communicate with each other, the slaves developed a pidgin language, a mixture of various African languages. Over the centuries, this early pidgin blended with aspects of â€Å"Standard English† to form â€Å"Black English† but it still has many of the features of its ancestor. That is, many of the unique forms of Ebonics can be identified as leftovers of West African languages. For example some researchers say that the word for cat in several African languages also means â€Å"man. † For this reason our expression â€Å"cool cat† is derived from Ebonics. Despite these differences, Ebonics is a language that fully serves the needs of its users. Its grammar is just as complicated as Standard English. It’s just a different grammar. The meaning of â€Å"He didn’t do nothing† is perfectly understood by all Ebonics speakers, and by standard English speakers as well. A man by the name of Ishmael Reed makes clear the use of Ebonics indicates neither a lack of education nor an inability to speak in other tongues: â€Å"You not gone make me give up Black English. When you ask me to give up Black English you askin me to give up my soul. But for reasons of commerce, transportation, and hassle less mobility in everyday life, I will talk to 411 in the language both the operator and I can understand† (Lederer 4). I agree with Reed that everyone needs to learn and master Standard English to have the best chance to succeed in America. In certain contexts, someone (like a manager) might make a judgment about the way we black people talk. If we want to become successful we must learn Standard English. I hope that the movement of correction for Ebonics movement will work against the widespread disrespect of the way most African-American youth talk. People should be less defensive about the language in which we live and move and maybe we can better position to employ both the Ebonics and the standard codes and to reap the full fruits of our American civilization. If people were less defensive about Ebonics maybe then we as people could associate Standard English with Ebonics. And with all of this we could reap the full fruits of our American civilization.

Doel

Background With the promise of making this country into â€Å"Digital Bangladesh† the government of Bangladesh introduced its first notebook to target the segment of the people of Bangladesh who can`t afford to buy a costly big name laptop. Doel is the first Netbook made in Bangladesh by Telephone Shilpa-Songstha Limited, which is situated in Tongi, Gazipur. Named after the national bird, Doel is the first ever laptop brand to be assembled in Bangladesh, which is believed to revolutionise the high tech industry of the country.With the aim to bridge the communication gap between our people and ICT, by providing laptops at an affordable rate, this initiative provides scopes to build capacity, train local manpower and strengthen the country’s ICT expertise. At present, Shilpa Songsthe Limited has manufactured four different classes of Netbooks: The Basic DOEL Netbook, DOEL Primary Netbook, DOEL Standard Netbook and DOEL Advanced Netbook Need for Research: To know and under stand our county as potential market for laptop computers I need to know what customer and potential customers’ perception towards a Bangladesh made laptop.Would it be lucrative industries for laptop manufacturing will depend on how accept Doel as a Bangladeshi laptop brand. Should other home grown brands come up with line of laptops for general people. Problem Definition: Prospect of Doel the first notebook made in Bangladesh Objectives * Know Perception towards Bangladeshi laptop brand Doel among laptop users * Assess Prospect of rising industry surrounding laptop/notebook computers in Bangladesh * Find out the Factors that Influence people to buy notebook /laptops Research Design The research will be done by conducting survey on users and potential laptop users in Bangladesh.The survey will also cover the segment of people who cannot afford laptops but might be benefitted by it. That means rural businessman, students, SME owners etc. Data Collection To conduct the research we need data and statistics of various kinds. Data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources Primary source: sample survey on users and potential laptop users of Bangladesh Interview Secondary sources: News articles Publications on ICT industry in Bangladesh Websites Blogs Data Analysis Data analysis will be done using statistical software spss.

Tabula rasa Essay Essays

Tabula rasa Essay Essays Tabula rasa Essay Paper Tabula rasa Essay Paper Empiricism is the position that all cognition comes from experience whatever is the head got at that place through the senses. Locke was an empiricist who held that the head was tabula rasa or a clean slate at birth to be written upon by centripetal experience. Empiricism is opposed to rationalism or the position that mental thoughts and cognition exist in the head anterior to see that there are abstract or unconditioned thoughts. George Berkeley argued against rationalism and philistinism. He besides criticized Locke on many points. He said most philosophers make an premise that has no cogent evidence of the being of affair. Berkley questioned the illation that material things cause our centripetal experience or that our centripetal experience is material things. Berkeley originally wondered if we as worlds really experience an object as it truly was. or was what we physically saw. The materialist feels that the information received through sense experience gives a representative image of the outside universe and one can non perforate to the true kernel of an object†¦ Although the thought is logical. it does incorporate certain anchoring for agnosticism. John Locke claimed that primary qualities are those that exist within the organic structure of an object and exterior of our perceptual experience. He believed they are inseparable from organic structure and his list consisted of gesture. majority. figure. figure. and texture. Primary qualities are those qualities. which are present in the object itself. such as extension. Secondary qualities are merely present in the spectator. such as colour. In a universe in which there are no animate beings with colour vision. there are still objects that reflect visible radiations of assorted wavelengths. but there is no being that would construe those moving ridges as â€Å"color. He supported his definition of primary qualities by claiming that if an object were continuously divided. the primary qualities would stay the same. However. he suggested that secondary qualities were merely powers that the object has to do us to hold thoughts about its colour. odor. gustatory sensation. sound etc. These secondary qualities depend on and therefore can be altered by changing primary qualities. as they do non really be within the object. nor do they be independently of our heads. Primary qualities are instantly seeable in the object. while secondary qualities require our centripetal system to react to the primary qualities of an object foremost. Therefore Locke claims that â€Å"primary qualities are nonsubjective ; whereas. secondary qualities are contingent on perception† Locke did non believe that there was anything innate in anyone and that all constructs. thoughts. and ideas were the consequence of centripetal experience. Harmonizing to Locke. there is no such thing as innate cognition. Berkeley besides shows that the sensed qualities of an object are thoughts that exist merely in a head since esthesiss are the same as thoughts ; worlds can merely hold one thought at one time. On the other manus. God’s head is infinite and is therefore able to hold multiple perceptual experiences. These perceptual experiences of God are besides thoughts. and it follows that these thoughts comprise the world beheld in the finite human head. Alternatively of the materialists’ belief in the representative theory of perceptual experience. where a stuff object has existent qualities which worlds perceive as reasonable qualities. Locke had retained a certain religion in the capacity of the human head to hold on. nevertheless amiss. the general lineations of an external universe by agencies of uniting operations. With Berkeley. there had been no necessary stuff footing for experience. though the head had retained a certain independent religious power derived from God’s head. and the universe experienced by the head derived its order from the same beginning. Berkeley’s theory is that God upholds all of the thoughts. which comprise human world. and people perceive these thoughts as esthesiss straight from God’s infinite head. Berkeley besides denied the being of what are called abstract objects â€Å"universals† and â€Å"forms† or â€Å"ideas. † For case. if person said that inflammation exists apart from any ruddy thing or that goodness exists apart from any good action or individual. so he is stating that inflammation and goodness exist as independent entities. For Berkeley this is impossible. since nil that is non being perceived can be. The thought of inflammation without a ruddy thing or goodness without a good action is a nonsensical thought. every spot every bit much as affair without a esthesis of it. Locke is an empiricist while Berkeley is an dreamer. but Locke’s most important thought is that the human head begins as a clean slate ( tabula rasa ) . which is written on thru the class of his or her experiences and instruction. He did raise of import inquiries. and created a duologue that led to better theories.

Civil Engineering Personal Statement Essay Example

Civil Engineering Personal Statement Essay Example Civil Engineering Personal Statement Essay Civil Engineering Personal Statement Essay Majority of graduation programs at some universities require the candidates to prepare an attractive personal statement and turn it in along with the application of admission. Likewise, you will most probably have to write a civil engineering personal statement if you want to gain acceptance in a civil engineering university. However, if you don’t know what to include in a university statement then you need to check out some useful sources that can help you with writing engaging statements. Providing that the statement will be the main component that will decide whether you gain admission in a particular college you have to ensure that you craft a statement that can wow the admission department. A great way to examine how a personal statement is written is by checking out some personal statement samples. A sample can assist you in figuring out what elements are necessary for a compelling statement. It can also help you with determining what type of tone would make the statement more convincing. However, finding good and unique samples is not that easy. First of all list down the names of universities where you want to apply for the civil engineering program. Now check out the websites of each university and download the personal statement sample. It is suggested that you should also ask your friends or family members, who have already been accepted into a university, to give you the copy of their personal statements. This will certainly help you a lot in figuring out how engaging essays are written. By putting these two samples side-by-side you will be able to learn more about what universities expect from the candidate. Moreover, the internet has gigantic amount of sources and surely you can find many useful content among those sources. Use a major search engine to search free personal statement samples. Go through the personal statement samples that are related to the field of civil engineering. Some sites have original personal statements of those individuals who have already applied in different universities. You can also find where those personal statements have been accepted and where those statements are rejected. While sorting through the bundles of personal statement samples ensure that you look for only those samples that are pertinent to the field. Highlight those areas that you fill will assist you in writing a unique and engaging essay. Once all the necessary information is gathered, sit down and brainstorm to put down your own unique thoughts or ideas for the statement. Now start the statement by describing one of those thoughts briefly and to the point. For instance, the introduction usually contains the anecdote or story about how the candidate inspired to explore the field of civil engineering. Remember that the introduction should be tempting and the conclusion should be inspiring to elevate your chances.

Reading summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reading summaries - Essay Example This approach considers intoxication to be a positive thing and a state of enhancement. It describes intoxication as, â€Å"a form of bodily pleasure†. This perception is in complete disagreement with the first perception. According to this article, despite the fact that the harm caused by intoxication cannot be disputed, the campaign aimed at changing drinking practices is hindered by the gap between public health and general understanding of intoxication. For instance, the article points out that, recent researches have revealed that the youth might be involved in drinking as a part of â€Å"a wide-ranging culture of hedonistic consumption† (Keane 2009, P. 142). The article asserts that for there to be any meaningful outcome from such campaigns, there needs to be a proper understanding of the various uses of alcohol and the influence of social culture on drinking culture. There should also be more understanding of the nature and impact of controlled alcohol consumption among the youth. Not until there is a proper understanding by the public health on alcohol consumption and the pleasure and risks involved that there shall be a solution for the problem. Public health and the general public sho uld have a general understanding of these aspects of alcoholism and

Facebook is a Useful Website for the People Essay

Facebook is a Useful Website for the People - Essay Example The influence of Facebook can be evaluated as beyond a website, but as an innovative tool to measure one’s social acceptability and the ability to mingle with the masses without any inhibition or inferiority complex. Also, the usefulness of Facebook extends to other spheres like international brotherhood, an innovative platform to communicate with one’s friends and meet new people, exchange valuable information, spend one’s leisure time in a more useful way, new experiences, view videos and games, and regular updating of one’s relationships. Lino states, â€Å"Facebook is a mirror of real life and if it is used too much becomes a sort of second life for some people†. Facebook is an innovative online medium with a lot of opportunities and advantages in different areas of human life, which separates it from the other social networking websites. As pointed out, Facebook is basically a website on the internet which provides social networking service to the users. About its usefulness in businesses, Raj states, â€Å"It helps in business promotion through Ads and Fans page†. Companies use facebook groups for promotion of their business. Cavallari states, â€Å"Facebook groups have become a marketing tool on the most successful social networking site in existence†. The social networking service helps people to connect with friends, relatives, well-wishers, and the international community of internet users. Mark Zuckerberg and his friends (Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes) are the founders of Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg was a student at Harvard and the membership was limited to his private and public circles. Later, this website became more and more acceptable and popular among the student community at Stanford University and its surrounding areas like Ivy League university. We can say that the acceptance and popularity acquired by this website among the student community attracted high school students and later the international community of internet users. Facebook was launched in February 2004, and the ownership is fully vested in Facebook, Inc., a private company. The present popularity of Facebook includes more than 600 million active users. Janell L. Carroll states that â€Å"On college campuses, Facebook is the most popular networking site, and the majority of students check their Facebook accounts daily or several times a day† ( 71). We can say that Faceb ook is becoming more popular among the student community. In addition, Facebook is becoming popular because of the unique social networking services provided by the owners. The name ‘Facebook’ is indebted to the university administrators in the USA, who used to provide books to their students to know each other in a better way. To be specific, Facebook’s aim is to help the users connect with each other and to share valuable information for productive purposes. The common thoughts about Facebook include its usefulness as a social networking website and its disadvantage as spending much time on the internet. Most of the users of Facebook make use of the same innovative tool to create a virtual presence and to share their thoughts and connect with their friends. However, D. E. Wittkower points out that â€Å"If Facebook promotes friendship and if friendship is a good thing, why do we so often feel as if we’ve been wasting time when we are facebooking?â€℠¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (120). However, most of the Facebook users may reject this opinion because they consider Facebook as an innovative tool or online medium to create