Factory Farms and Animal Cruelty Essay -- Religion Morals Animal Right

Factory Farms and Animal Cruelty Imagine that Christ meant these words literally. Imagine that pass judgment Christ as your personal savior required lunching with him. Of course, if Christ were coming everywhere today for lunch, you would probably dust, vacuum, adjust the pictures on the walls, pick your outperform outfit, comb your hair, jot down a few questions more or less heaven. But what would the two of you eat? Would you serve Christ fried chicken? How would you feel about setting a plate of steaming, sizzling pork chops in front of your savior? A few hard-boiled eggs wouldnt hurt, right? Maybe a glass of milk to wash it all down?For many Christians, faith has little to do with whats in the fridge. Lunch with Christ would raise issues far more problematic than choice of food. However, I propose that if the above-mentioned foods came from modern factory farms, Christ would not eat or drink them. I will get by that Christians are obligated to be morally concerned about ani mals, and that this obligation brings Christians into moral conflict with modern factory farms. Furthermore, I will argue that Catholic Social Teaching (hereafter CST) should emphasize a theocentric basis for such obligation and conflict.Rethinking Aquinas Why Animals MatterSome Christians think the words animal rights black rockweed of wacky liberalism or of sentimentality. Such thinking presupposes that animals are not proper objects of moral concern. After all, in Genesis God commanded Adam to rule over creation. God gave Noah everything that lives and moves for food (Gen. 128). Therefore, according to this way of thinking, animals exist exclusively as means to human ends.This position, which I call the Utility Thesis, does agree with approximately traditional Ca... ...nson, Andrew. Factory Farms. Oxford Basil Blackwell, 1991. Linzey, Andrew. Introduction. Animals on the Agenda. Ed. A. Linzey et al. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1998. ---.The Theos-Rights of Animals. An imals and Christianity. Ed. A.Linzey et al. New York Crossroad, 1990. Paape, Max. Researchers Develop Effective Mastitis Treatments. Agricultural Research Service. 14 Jul. 2005. United States Department of Agriculture. 1 Nov. 2004http//www.ars.usda.gov/is/np/ha/han15.htmRegan, Tom. Introduction. Animal Rights and Human Obligations. Ed. A. Linzey et al. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1976. Regan, Tom. A Reply to Griffiths. Animals and Christianity. Ed. A. Linzey et al. New York Crossroad, 1990. Wojtyla, Karol. On Social Concern. Catholic Social Teaching. Office For Social Justice. 1 Nov. 2004 www.osjspm.org/cst/srs.htm

Electoral Gender-Based Quotas Essay -- Political Science

Hillary Rodham Clinton once said, There cannot be true democracy unless womens voices are heard. In 2006, when Nancy Pelosi became the nations first feminine Speaker of the House, one and only(a) womans voice rang out clear. With this improvement, democracy grew to its truest level ever in terms of womens equality. Regretfully, female candidates had never been so lucky in the past. There was a time when female candidates were highly underestimated Men always had higher chance of being selected to any electoral office than any female had, even though they both might have been well qualified for that post. Never in the history of America, males politicians had wanted to recognize those women potential and true value thus, sick and tired of always being misjudged, remarkable females had manifested their desire for equal representation, equal citizenship and equal rights by persistently debating and pleading. Opportunely for them, by the end of 1967 corporation finally decided to ackn owledge the females rights accordingly, several countries decided to establish the gender - based quotas through the favourable action in order to benefit them.Nowadays, the affirmative action is a growing argument in our society. Some can define it as a quota-based system in which people from different minority groups struggle for their equality and inclusiveness, while others might see it as an unfair way to benefit unqualified groups. But, what is it exactly? The affirmative action mostly refers to rules designed to provide groups that have suffered from discrimination on the ground of race, ethnic and gender in the past, greater opportunities with the principal aim of giving them preferential treatments. Unquestionably, it has aroused green-eyed monster and tons... ... gain something from it. Males politicians gain a feminine support, females get to show their skills to the human being while us citizens, get to live in a better world in which the government is really lookin g forward to provide us a superior quality of life. As Suzan Anthony famously said, It was we, the people not we, the exsanguine male citizens nor yet we, the male citizens but we, the whole people, who formed the Union Men, their rights and nothing more women, their rights and nothing less.Works Citedhttp//www.quotegarden.com/feminism.htmlhttp//www.quotaproject.org/aboutQuotas.cfmwww.wikipedia.orgWomen Represent Only 19 per Cent of Membership in Parliament Worldwide Speaker. Vibe Ghana. 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. .

Abduction and Hypothesis Withdrawal in Science Essay examples -- Scien

Abduction and Hypothesis Withdrawal in ScienceABSTRACT This paper introduces an epistemological simulation of scientific reasoning which can be described in terms of abduction, deduction and induction. The aim is to emphasize the meaning of abduction in order to illustrate the problem-solving answer and to propose a unified epistemological model of scientific discovery. The model first describes the different meanings of the word abduction (creative, selective, to the best explanation, visual) in order to clarify their significance for epistemology and artificial intelligence. In different theoretical changes in theoretical systems we witness different kinds of discovery processes operating. Discovery methods are data-driven, explanation-driven (abductive), and coherence-driven (formed to overwhelm contradictions). Sometimes there is a mixture of such methods for example, an hypothesis devoted to overcome a contradiction is found by abduction. Contradiction, far from damaging a sys tem, help to indicate regions in which it can be changed and improved. I will also consider a kind of weak hypothesis that is hard to negate and the ways for making it easy. In these cases the subject can rationally decide to withdraw his or her hypotheses even in contexts where it is impossible to find explicit contradictions and anomalies. Here, the use of negation as failure (an provoke technique for negating hypotheses and accessing new ones suggested by artificial intelligence and cognitive scientists) is illuminating I. Abduction and Scientific DiscoveryPhilosophers of science in the twentieth century have traditionally distinguished between the logic of discovery and the logic of justification. Most have conclude... ...s based on set covering model, International Journal on Man-Machine Studies, 19, pp. 443-460.C. Shelley, 1996, ocular abductive reasoning in archaeology, Philosophy of Science, 63(2), pp. 278-301.J. C. Shepherdson, 1984, Negation as failure a comparison of C larks completed data base and Reiters closed world assumption, Journal of Logic Programming, 1(1), 1984, 51-79.________, 1988, Negation in logic programming, in J. Minker (ed.), Foundations of Deductive Databases, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, pp. 19-88.P. Thagard, 1988, Computational Philosophy of Science, Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press.________, 1992, Conceptual Revolutions, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.________ and C. Shelley, 1994, Limitations of current formal models of abductive reasoning, Department of Philosophy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, forthcoming.

High School Athletes Should Not Turn Pro Essay -- Professional Sports

gamey School Athletes Should Not Turn proLebron pile and Freddy Adu argon both young athletes and with millions in their pockets with a countless moment of endorsement contracts. Whether it is high school athletes skipping college and discontinuing the development of their education for millions of dollars, or teenagers mansion houseing contracts with businesses for grand amounts of money, youth sports programs are changing rapidly. However, American high school athletes are not financially, physically, or mentally prepared to tackle and endure the pressures of professional sports. companionship today allows fourteen to eighteen-year-old athletes to make millions of dollars and eventually become stars. From Lebron James, signing with Nike for cardinal million dollars before even stepping on the court, to Freddy Adu, signing with Major League soccer to be the youngest professional to ever sign a contract in United States history, teenagers of today are changing. Freddy Adu is the youngest admiter on a major conference team since Fred Chapman was fourteen years old and played baseball for Philadelphia in 1887. Adu, born in Ghana, signed with the MLS to play for D.C. United in 2003. He and his family locomote to Potomac, Maryland in 1997 and he eventually became a United States citizen in 2002. He signed with Nike for one million dollars in 2000, becoming the youngest professional to sign an endorsement deal with Nike. Greg Couch, a writer for the Sun Times states, ? be we ready for this? Because if Freddy Adu makes it big, then the battle to save little things like fun and resource in youth sports is gone.? He is absolutely right. What happened to the main reason to play sports- have fun? These young children won?t understand fun after(prenominal) being demanded, day in and day out, from the most rigorous coaches to exercise to a level they have not been expose to yet. They haven?t been exposed to that level because they skipped the most important part of their life and career, and that is college. In uncommon cases, there?s one athlete that comes along and is very special. Sappenfield of The Christian attainment Monitor says, ?In some instances, they are truly unique athletes. In others, they are simply the products of a new and hyper-competitive youth-sports system, lured to big-time athletics by bad advice and the facet of outlandish wealth and rock star glory? (Sappenfield 1). Ki... ...n education and should hail one before stepping out into the real world and being thrown into an zephyr of fame, glory, and money. An atmosphere a teenager is not ready for. Works CitedBae, Isamu. High School Athletes Should Go To College, Not The Pro Level. 1 June 2004. Silver Chips Online. 22 April 2005 .Carter, A. CinQue. Athletes Should die hard In School Before Relying On False Dreams. 29 Oct 1998. effortless Bruin. 22 April 2005 .Couch, Greg. And The No. 1 Reason Not To Turn Pro At 14?. 20 Nov. 2003. Chicago Sun-Times. 10 Apr. 2005 .Keller, Mandy. Bylaw Article 12 Amateurism. July 2003. The content Collegiate Athletic Association. 9 Apr. 2005 .Ryan, Joan. Little Girls in Pretty Boxes. New York. Warner Books. 1 Aug 2000. Sappenfield, Mark. Young, Gifted, and Rich- Behind the Sudden Rise of Teen Sports Superstars. 1 Dec. 2003. The Christian wisdom Monitor. 9 Apr. 2005 .Satterfield, Kathryn R. Ready For The Big League. Vol. 9 No. 8. 7 Nov. 2003. Time For Kids. 9 Apr. 2005 .Going Pro Early. A Game-Official Website of Smart Athletics. 9 Apr. 2005 .Head to Head. 9 Apr. 2005 .Your Take Freddy Adu. 20 Nov. 2003. ESPN Soccernet. 10 Apr. 2005 . High School Athletes Should Not Turn Pro Essay -- Professional Sports High School Athletes Should Not Turn ProLebron James and Freddy Adu are both young athletes and with millions in their pockets with a countless number of endorsement contracts. Whether it is high school athletes skipping college and discontinuing the development of their education for mi llions of dollars, or teenagers signing contracts with businesses for massive amounts of money, youth sports programs are changing rapidly. However, American high school athletes are not financially, physically, or mentally prepared to tackle and endure the pressures of professional sports. Society today allows fourteen to eighteen-year-old athletes to make millions of dollars and eventually become stars. From Lebron James, signing with Nike for ninety million dollars before even stepping on the court, to Freddy Adu, signing with Major League Soccer to be the youngest professional to ever sign a contract in United States history, teenagers of today are changing. Freddy Adu is the youngest player on a major league team since Fred Chapman was fourteen years old and played baseball for Philadelphia in 1887. Adu, born in Ghana, signed with the MLS to play for D.C. United in 2003. He and his family moved to Potomac, Maryland in 1997 and he eventually became a United States citizen in 200 2. He signed with Nike for one million dollars in 2000, becoming the youngest professional to sign an endorsement deal with Nike. Greg Couch, a writer for the Sun Times states, ?Are we ready for this? Because if Freddy Adu makes it big, then the battle to save little things like fun and imagination in youth sports is gone.? He is absolutely right. What happened to the main reason to play sports- have fun? These young children won?t understand fun after being demanded, day in and day out, from the most rigorous coaches to perform to a level they have not been exposed to yet. They haven?t been exposed to that level because they skipped the most important part of their life and career, and that is college. In rare cases, there?s one athlete that comes along and is very special. Sappenfield of The Christian Science Monitor says, ?In some instances, they are truly unique athletes. In others, they are simply the products of a new and hyper-competitive youth-sports system, lured to big-tim e athletics by bad advice and the prospect of outlandish wealth and rock star glory? (Sappenfield 1). Ki... ...n education and should get one before stepping out into the real world and being thrown into an atmosphere of fame, glory, and money. An atmosphere a teenager is not ready for. Works CitedBae, Isamu. High School Athletes Should Go To College, Not The Pro Level. 1 June 2004. Silver Chips Online. 22 April 2005 .Carter, A. CinQue. Athletes Should Stay In School Before Relying On False Dreams. 29 Oct 1998. Daily Bruin. 22 April 2005 .Couch, Greg. And The No. 1 Reason Not To Turn Pro At 14?. 20 Nov. 2003. Chicago Sun-Times. 10 Apr. 2005 .Keller, Mandy. Bylaw Article 12 Amateurism. July 2003. The National Collegiate Athletic Association. 9 Apr. 2005 .Ryan, Joan. Little Girls in Pretty Boxes. New York. Warner Books. 1 Aug 2000. Sappenfield, Mark. Young, Gifted, and Rich- Behind the Sudden Rise of Teen Sports Superstars. 1 Dec. 2003. The Christian Science Monitor. 9 Apr. 2005 .Sat terfield, Kathryn R. Ready For The Big League. Vol. 9 No. 8. 7 Nov. 2003. Time For Kids. 9 Apr. 2005 .Going Pro Early. A Game-Official Website of Smart Athletics. 9 Apr. 2005 .Head to Head. 9 Apr. 2005 .Your Take Freddy Adu. 20 Nov. 2003. ESPN Soccernet. 10 Apr. 2005 .

Prevention :: Environmental Economy Chemicals Essays

PreventionPrevention entails keeping all cleaning agents, gasoline, paints, glues, thinners, and other ho designhold products in locked or inaccessible cabinets. These products should never be used in closed spaces, and areas should be extensively aired out after product use. Even with adequate path ventilation, it is probably prudent to avoid exposing children altogether (see case 4, below). Tell parents to avoid bringing children to nail salons and to keep children out of newly remodeled rooms that may be off-gassing solvents from political machinepet and wallpaper glues. Dry-cleaning should be aired out in the yard or an open garage for one day before being brought into the house, and car windows should be open when transporting freshly dry-cleaned clothes. w). As in the home, art supplies used at school should be nontoxic. Acceptable Childrens Art and Craft Materials, a list of 2,500 nontoxic art materials, is available from the California De piece of musicment of Health Servic es.34 Clinicians must be alert to parents who might be exposing their children to solvents in the home though a number of hobbies, including silk-screening, furniture restoration, model building, and illegal drug labs (an increasing problem in certain communities).35 Finally, children should be screened during the well-child interview for any drug abuse, including the use of legal substances such as solvents. The best way to dispose of solvents is to use them up as intended. Otherwise, solvents should be treated as hazardous waste and habituated through a licensed hazardous waste handler.36 The interesting thing about this advice to try to avoid any contact with chemicals in our life is that it is impossible. If a breast fed baby is not able to avoid toxins, none of us are. For a day, I made a point to read the labels of products I used and food I ate. I found that most of the ingredients I could not pronounce and had no idea why it was in the product or what it did. I also lear ned that most of what I use and consume contains either high fructose corn syrup or sodium laureth convert or sodium lauryl sulfate. I do not think that is necessarily good but I only hope it isnt really bad. From right away with Bill Moyers, transcriptMOYERS Of the 3000 or so high production volume chemicals in use in this country today only 43% deem been even minimally tested. Only about 10 percent have been thoroughly tested to examine their potential effects on body part was getting set up on that day of development.

Prevention :: Environmental Economy Chemicals Essays

PreventionPrevention entails keeping all cleaning agents, gasoline, paints, glues, thinners, and other folk products in locked or inaccessible cabinets. These products should never be used in closed spaces, and areas should be extensively aired out after product use. flush with adequate room ventilation, it is probably prudent to avoid exposing children altogether (see case 4, below). Tell parents to avoid bringing children to nail salons and to keep children out of newly remodeled populate that may be off-gassing solvents from carpet and wallpaper glues. Dry-cleaning should be aired out in the yard or an open garage for one day in the beginning being brought into the house, and car windows should be open when transporting freshly dry-cleaned clothes. w). As in the home, art supplies used at school should be nontoxic. Acceptable Childrens dodge and Craft Materials, a list of 2,500 nontoxic art materials, is available from the California Department of Health Services.34 Clinicians must be alert to parents who might be exposing their children to solvents in the home though a number of hobbies, including silk-screening, furniture restoration, model building, and illegal drug labs (an increasing problem in certain communities).35 Finally, children should be screened during the well-child interview for any(prenominal) drug abuse, including the use of legal substances such as solvents. The best way to dispose of solvents is to use them up as intended. Otherwise, solvents should be treated as speculative waste and disposed through a licensed hazardous waste handler.36 The interesting thing about this advice to try to avoid any contact with chemicals in our life is that it is impossible. If a breast fed baby is not able to avoid toxins, none of us are. For a day, I made a fleck to read the labels of products I used and food I ate. I found that most of the ingredients I could not pronounce and had no idea why it was in the product or what it did. I also learne d that most of what I use and consume contains either high fructose corn syrup or sodium laureth sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate. I do not think that is necessarily good but I just hope it isnt really bad. From Now with Bill Moyers, transcriptMOYERS Of the 3000 or so high production volume chemicals in use in this country today only 43% have been even minimally tested. Only about 10 percent have been thoroughly tested to examine their potential effects on body part was getting set up on that day of development.

I’m Not Scared Essay Essay

Fear is one of the most incapacitating and destructive emotions Im Not Sc bed demonstrates. As swell as the human potential to do evil things in life for self-gain. Ammaniti shows us this through characters in the text that commit cruel and violent acts. He also shows us that not alone men can be cruel and selfish, through the character of Michele, who shows bravery, compassion and goodness. From the very beginning of the novel we atomic number 18 alerted to the fact that humans can be very cruel, yet equally as gallant and kind. In the start we are introduced to a cruel rumor from Skull, about a fierce old man known as Melichetti, who feed his own dog to his savage pigs. When he is confronted about this from Barbara, he laughs at the thought and replies saying that he loved his dog and would never do such a thing, and is astonished as to why someone would make up such lies about him. Barbara says that Skull had told them this and Melichetti scolds him saying that he should nev er speciate lies, and the truth only.Thus showing that there is good in some humans. Although not all of them. After these events Skull hatches a plan to get back at Barbara for embarrassing him. He proposes that they have a race to the top of a hill, knowing that Barbara go forth lose and have to do the forfeit so he can extract his revenge, being the harsh human that he is. Humans huge capacity for cruelty is highlighted by the appalling conditions that Filippo is kept in. He chained in a dark prison hole and is barely fed complete to stay alive. He is treated like a prisoner of war. His skin is pale and dirty, and so thin that you could see the outline of his bones. Yet Ammaniti tempers these descriptions with humour in order to soften the blow and Michele relieves his suffering. Micheles determination to help Fillipo in his plight and his success in revealing his pain that becomes the focus of the tale. He performs acts of charity towards Fillipo, bringing him food and wate r, and letting him out of the hole to embrace the outside world.There is no doubt that humans are capable of extreme personnel as demonstrates by the response to Luisa Carduccis appeal and through characters such as Sergio, Skull and Felice, yet we also get the sense that they are not so much evil, but human through Ammanitis portrayal of them. Some of these acts of violence or portrayed through the actions of Skull and his potential for cruelty to others and animals. An example of this is when he says wring its neck, thence put a stick up its arse, also when the entire town of Acqua Traverse is silent watchingMichele, except for Togo who is barking. Skull then proceeds to boot Togo away. Yet although Skull is ruthless and cruel, the kids have the power to overcome him. For instance when Skull makes Barbara do the forfeit, the kids do not like this idea and Michele stands up and takes the forfeit. They are also strongly motivated by self-gain and are also capable of horrible betray al in order to gain something for themselves.The people of Acqua Traverse are easily motivated by money. They had kidnapped a child just for personal gain. They were prepared to betray their own beliefs and morals. For example when Luisa Carducci had sent an appeal to the kidnappers, she pleaded that they do not hurt her son and asked them what it would feel like if any of them had their own child taken away from them. Papa, who cared for his children a lot and loved them, betrayed his own beliefs that night, responding that they should cut get rid of both of Filippos ears. Yet they are also capable of fierce love, extreme loyalty and forgiveness. An instance of this is Teresas protectiveness over Michele after Felices ack-ack on him. Upon finding out that Felice had hurt her son, she launched herself at him in a raging fit of fury to protect her son. After seeing Felice on his bugger off Michele, also protective of his mother, jumps at Felice. Loyalty is also portrayed in the st ory through some characters.One of which is Michele, who made a promise to Filippo that he would always come back and save him. And he did under any circumstances, no matter how bad the consequences may have been. Also, it is Papa, who at first was with the idea of keeping Filippo hostage, yet later he proposed the idea to let the boy go. Ammaniti creates a world that emphasises peoples capacity for evil and self-gain and uses his power to tell us how he became a man that learns loyalty and trust are far more valuable than money or objects through events and experiences he comes into connection with. His knowledge and understanding form the base of his moral decisions and guide him to help the innocent boy, Filippo, escape from the villainous adults of Acqua Traverse.

Philippine Arts Essay

* 1. Filipino Painters The Few Cream of the Crop* 2. Damian Domingo The First Great Filipino PainterAKA Damian Gabor Domingo Father of Filipino Painting 1st Filipino to samara his face 1st self-portrait in the Philippines Academia de Dibujo y PinturaDate of Birth 1796Birthplace Tondo, Manila, PhilippinesYear of Death 1834 * 3. La Sagrada Familia* 4. La Sagrada Familia Oil on Copper Sheet Measure custodyts 48.26(length) x 35 (width) cm Where it was made Manila, Philippines snip Period 19th Century 1820s to 1830s Owner Heirs of Luis Ongpin M social occasionum Ayala Miuseum * 5. La Sagrada Familia The delicate veil over the Virgins head and shoulders is transparent to the luff of appearing almost invisible. Cloth folds and curves of the figures clothing appear quite realistic. Damian Domingo uses color and drama with control. The word-painting depicts three generations of the Holy Family. * 6. La Sagrada Familia The infant Jesus and his parents are at the center, His grandparents on either side, and God the Father, the Holy Spirit, and the angels high above. It marks the peak of his finely detailed miniaturist style. Two misspelled linguistic communication in the paintings caption. Sagrda and Aana * 7. Juan Luna Ilocano Filipino PainterPolitical activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century 1st recognized Philippine nontextual matterists His 1st carriage Don Lorenzo Guerero was so impressed with his early works Don Lorenzo persuaded his parents to send him to Spain to advance his skillsDate of Birth October 23,1857Birthplace Badoc, Ilocos Norte, PhilippinesYear of Death December 7, 1899 * 8. Spoliarium* 9. Spoliarium Oil-on-Canvas Measurements 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters Where it was made Rome Time Period 19th Century , 1884 Award 1st prize, notes medal at Exposicion de Bellas Artes of Oil Paintings in Madrid Location National Museum * 10. Spoliarium Largest painting in the Philippines. The Technique apply by the artist is symbolism. H eavy strong brush strokes- expressed his anger over the abuses and cruelties. Lines and color- he captured pathos and barbarism of a decadent empire. * 11. Spoliarium Vertical Lines- inferenced by the straight body of an oppressor suggest strength and stability. Horizontal Lines- seen impression of serenity and repose. Diagonal Lines- clearly shown in the arms of men pulling the wounded gladiator toward the otherwise room. * 12. Spoliarium Most well-known painting by a Filipino artist A building or bedroom where the dead bodies of gladiators were taken to be stripped of their armor and weapons prior to the disposal of their bodies. Symbol of our social, moral, and political life humanity unredeemed, reason and aspiration in free-spoken fight with prejudice, fanaticism, and injustice.* 13. Other works of Juan Luna Death of Cleopatra (Silver medal, 1881 Museo del Prado in Madrid) Parisian Life (Silver medal, 1889, GSIS Museum) Battle of Lepanto, Blood Compact (1886, Malacaang Pal ace) Una Bulakenya (1895, Malacaang Palace) * 14. Felix Resurreccion HidalgoNational Artist of the Philippines for Painting He studied in the University of Santo Tomas where his artistry was encouraged by Fr. Sabater. He was simultaneously enrolled at the Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura. When Juan Luna won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition, a Filipino painter shared with him the limelight by securing the second place. His remains were brought to Manila, where he now lies entombed in the Hidalgo family mausoleum at the Cementerio del Norte.Date of Birth February 21, 1855Birthplace Binondo, ManilaYear of Death March 1913 * 15. Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho* 16. Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho Oil-on-Canvas Measurements one hundred fifteen cm x 157 cm Time Period 1884 Award Silver Medalist(9th silver medal award among forty five) Location Metropolitan Museum of Manila * 17. Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho Regarded as one of the na tional treasures of the Philippines Part of art collection of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. The original was destroyed in a fire at the University of Valladolid in Spain. Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho is a landmark painting depicting the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome. * 18. Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho Described as a masterpiece remarkable in the aspects of quality, composition, and historical context. It portrays devil scantily clothed Christian female slaves being mocked by a group of boorish Roman male onlookers. One of the women is posed seated sore at the foreground of the painting with her head bowed in misery. The semi-nude women have been stripped not only of their garments but too of their dignity.* 19. Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho He derive his subject matter from classical antiquity He brought out the Drama of the moment * 20. Other works of Felix Hidalgo Flora de Filipinas (Plants of the Philippines) awarded second place for top hat cover design for de Luxe edition. La Siesta (Nap in the afternoon) a piece which was favorably reviewed in La Ilustracion Espanola y Americana in1881. La Barca de Aqueronte (The Boat of Charon) received a gold medal in the international exposition in Madrid and was bought for 7500 pesetas by the Spanish government. * 21. Other works of Felix Hidalgo Laguna Estigia (The Styx) El Violinista was accorded a gold medal at the Universal Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri.* 22. Fernando Amorsolo y CuetoNational Artist of the Philippines for Painting Excellent sketch artist as well as unmatched master of light and color. Signature technique. Backlight his object, gently shading them with nuanced color tones & haloing them with incandescent golden glow. Most of his paintings portrayed the Filipino culture, tradition, and customs like Filipino fiestas. Became commonplace because of his illuminated landscapes and his historical paintings on which you can see the real reflection of a Filipino soul.Date of Birth May 30, 1892Birthplace Calle Herran in Paco, ManilaYear of Death April 26, 1972 * 23. Rice lay* 24. Rice place Oil-on-Canvas Measurements 24 x 34 meters Where it was made Philippines Time Period 1922 Sold by Geringer Art, a Honolulu based company which specializes in the art of Fernando Amorsolo * 25. Rice Planting His Rice Planting (1922) was a staple of tourist brochures. Its visual weight is light because the colors used were loosely pastel in nature. No dark colors were used to produce a feeling of calm and peace. The particular genre that was used is realism.* 26. Rice Planting He painted the details as to how it might look like in real life. In rice planting, the main chitlighting technique manifested wherein figures are outlined against a characteristic glow, and intense light on one part of the canvas highlights nearby details. Sunlight is a consistent element in Amorsolos works. rinse strokes were smooth which em phasizes the serene feeling. * 27. Other works of Fernando Amorsolo The Bombing of the Intendecia (1942) Bataan ) Afternoon Meal of the Workers (1939) Princess Urduja * 28. Carlos V. Francisco aka Botong Francisco2nd Filipino to receive the title of National Artist in Painting in 1973 One of the first Filipino modernist Franciscos art is a prime example of linear painting where lines and contours appear like cut outs. He single-handedly brought back the art of mural painting in the PhilippinesDate of Birth November 4, 1912Birthplace Angono, RizalYear of Death March 31, 1969 * 29. Katipunan* 30. Katipunan mural Best known mural of Francisco It shows his descriptions about the History of Manila mayor Antonio Villegas in Manila It describes the enthusiasm of the first Datu in Manila. His murals on the history of Manila for the Manila City Hall represent a high point in his art and the art of the country. * 31. Jose Tanig JoyaNational Artist in Visual Arts in 2003 A painter and multime dia artist Known as an face-lift Expressionist He was the president of the Art Association of the Philippines from 1962 to 1965 and dean of the U.P. College of Fine Arts from 1970 to 1978.Date of Birth June 3, 1931Birthplace Manila, PhilippinesYear of Death March 31, 1996 * 32. Granadean Arabesque* 33. Granadean Arabesque Inspired by Joyas stay in Granada, a region in Spain.How he was struck by inspiration slice travelling on a train andseeing all the glorious sunflowers pass him by. Bright yellows dominate the canvass and establish the mood pure joy, life, and energy. * 34. Other works of Jose Joya 1948 Barter of Panay 1954 Christ Stripped of His Clothes 1958 Granadean Arabesque, his landmark painting 1965 Dimensions of Fear 1981 Vista Beyond Vision 1985 Torogan 1998 Playground of the Mind * 35. Thank You * 36. Miniature Miniature isnt merely about size, but also the levelof detail in the painting. Its the detail that differentiatesa miniature from a small painting if you look at it througha magnifying glass, youll see extremely fine brush markswith every detail scaled go through and miniaturized.Techniques used include hatching, stippling, and glazing.Composition, perspective, and color are as important asin larger paintings. * 37. Symbolism A symbol, in general, is a visible sign of somethinginvisible in such(prenominal) as an idea or a quality. Art of Symbolism is the art to use symbols torepresent things, ideas and emotions.* 38. Realism The representation in art or literature of objects,actions, or social conditions as they actually are, withoutidealization or presentation in abstract form. Adopted to describe things represent figures andexactly how they look like in real life. * 39. Mural A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applieddirectly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanentsurface. A peculiarly distinguishing characteristic of muralpainting is that the architectural elements of the givenspace are harmoniously incorporated int o the picture * 40. Abstract Expressionism Abstract Expressionism is a school of art thatdeveloped from Expressionism. It applied the principlesof Expressionism to abstract art. The artists brushstrokes, the visible evidence of the process of creating thepainting, together with the use of color, are the subjectof the painting. * Paintings* Artistic paintings were introduced to the Filipinos in the 16th century when the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines. During this time, the Spaniards used paintings as religious propaganda to spread Catholicism end-to-end the Philippines. These paintings, appearing mostly on church walls, feature religious figures appearing in Catholic teaching. Due to the Churchs supervision of Filipino art and Spanish occupation of the Philippines, the purpose of most paintings from the 16th-19th century were to aid the Catholic Church.1* In the early 19th century, wealthier, educated Filipinos introduced more secular Filipino art, causation art in the Phili ppines to deviate from religious motifs. The use of watercolor paintings increased and the subject matter of paintings began to include landscapes, Filipino inhabitants, Philippine fashion, and government officials. Portrait paintings featured the painters themselves, Filipino jewelry, and native furniture. The subject of landscape paintings featured artists names painted ornately as well as day-to-day scenes of average Filipinos partaking in their day by day tasks. These paintings were done on canvas, wood, and a variety of metals. 2 * During World War II, some painters focused their artwork on the effects of war, including battle scenes, destruction, and the suffering of the Filipino peoples. * spring It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Philippine Dance. (Discuss) Proposed since June 2012. * There are many a(prenominal) different types of Filipino trip the light fantastics varying in influence and region. Types of Filipino dance include Cordiller a, Muslim, tribal, rural, and Spanish style dances. * Within the cordillera dances, there is Banga, Bendayan, Lumagen/Tachok, Manmanok, Ragsaksakan, Salisid, Salip, Tarektek, and Uyaoy/Uyauy. The Banga dance illustrates the grace and strength of women in the Kalinga tribe. Women performing the Banga balance heavy pots on their heads while dancing to beat of wind chimes. This mimics Kalinga women collecting and transporting water. Another dance, called Lumagen or Tachok, is performed to celebrate happy occasions. When Lumagen is performed, it is meant to symbolize flying birds and is musically-paired to the beat of gongs. Another cordillera dance, Salisid, is the dance to show courtship.In the Salisid dance, a male and a female performer represent a rooster attempting to attract a hen.3 * Tribal dances include Malakas at Maganda, Kadal Blelah, Kadal Tahaw, Binaylan, Bagobo Rice Cycle, and Dugso. Malakas at Maganda is a national folklore dance. It tells the story of the origin of the Filipino people on the islands. Another dance, called the Binaylan dance, tells the story of a hen, the hens baby, and a toss. In this dance, the hawk is said to control a tribes well-being, and is killed by hunters after attempting to harm the hens baby.4 * Two examples of traditional Filipino dances are Tinikling and Binasuan and many more.Filipinos have unique folk dances like tinikling where assistants take two long bamboo sticks rapidly and in rhythm, clap sticks for dancers to artistically and daringly try to avoid acquiring their feet caught between them. Also in the southern part of the Philippines, there is another dance called singkil using long bamboo poles found in tinikling however, it is primarily a dance showing off lavish Muslim royalty. In this dance, there are four bamboo sticks arranged in a tic-tac-toe pattern in which the dancers pink every position of these clashing sticks. Dancers can be found trying to avoid all 4 bamboo sticks all together in the middle. T hey can also try to dance an entire rotation around the middle avoiding all sticks. Usually these stick dances performed in teamwork fashion not solo. The Singkil dance is identifiable with the use of umbrellas and silk clothing.5 * Weaving* Philippine weaving involves many threads being measured, cut, and mounted on a wooden platform. The threads are dyed and weaved on a loom.6 * Before Spanish colonization, native Filipinos weaved using fibers from abaca, pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth. Textiles, clothes, rugs, and hats were weaved. Baskets were also weaved and used as vessels of transport and storage, and for hunting. These baskets were used to transport grain, store food, and catching fish.7 * However, during Spanish colonization, Filipinos used fabric called nipis to weave white clothing. These were weaved with decorative, flower designs.8 * Pottery* Traditional pottery-making in certain areas of the Philippines would use clay found near the Sibalom River. Molding the clay call for the use of wooden paddles, and the clay had to be kept away from sunlight.9 * Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500.10 They used these ceramic jars to corroborate the deceased.11 * Other pottery used to hold remains of the deceased were decorated with anthropomorphic designs. These anthropomorphic earthenware pots date back to 5 BC. 225 A.D and had pot covers shaped like human heads. 12 * Filipino pottery had other uses as well. During the Neolithic period of the Philippines, pottery was made for water vessels, plates, cups, and for many other uses.13

Pharmacy Leadership

Sculpting the Pharmacy Leaders of Tomorrow Introduction Leadership has so practically influence in our lives because so often it determines whether we enjoy a particular activity. Life is short so why participate in an activity if we dribble overt enjoy it, and if we do participate, why not do so with all of our energy? Therefore, having an understanding of sensationership and acknowledging its significance is vital indoors our everyday lives.Leadership can be described by many, as the process by which a leader imaginatively directs, guides and influences the work of others in choosing and attaining specified goals bymediating mingled with the individuals and the organization in such a manner, that both will obtain maximum satisfaction. 1 Leadership is about building teams and communicating so that everyone whole kit and caboodle together. The importance of leading is a key ingredient to all successful patronagees and championship teams around the world. Teams that invite this synergy tend to thrive and be the ones on top.Thus, leadershiphip is dynamic in all aspects of life. At the forefront of any successful business or team is the leader. A leader is anyone who inspires and influences people to get to organizational goals. They motivate others to pursue actions, focus thinking, and shape decisions for the sweller good of the organization. A leader is also a knowledge passable to(p) and trustworthy individual that communicates in effect and sets an example by living the corporate values everyone is expected to follow. Often times many contemplate whether leaders are born or do.Effective leaders are not simply born or made yet they are born with some leadership capability and develop it over time. 1 Legendary collegiate football coach Vince Lombardi once said, Contrary to the opinion of many people, leaders are not born, leaders are made, and they are made by effort and hard work. 1 Thus, we are all leaders, and all individuals realize pote ntial leadership sciences, which stresses the importance of leadership development. Anyone can have the unplumbed requirements necessary for the leadership fictional character, but its how they develop them that matters.Leadership development is defined as an effort to enhance a learners ability to lead, an endeavor focused on developing the leadership abilities and attitudes of the individuals sitting at the top of the chain of command. Successful leadership development requires a lot more than the ability to give orders. It also requires diplomacy, top of the line people skills, and a certain level of ruthlessness. Leadership within Pharmacy These leadership attributes and skills pertain to all professions, heedless of the financial aider path chosen for each individual.In the pharmacy profession, transition into a leadership role often happens serendipitously, resulting in what is sometimes referred to as accidental leadership. directlys pharmacy students receive very littl e exposure to pharmacy administrative venerationer options and administrative leaders throughout the curriculum. Thus, they are often unaware of many leadership opportunities available to them upon graduation. Furthermore, those who do develop an interest in advanced administrative schooling often do so after they have already pull to a post- polish staff position or a clinical training syllabus without an emphasis on administrative practice.By not exposing students to administratively focused career options during their impressionable clerkship years, we are losing many potential future leaders. 5 We need to spark their interest in administrative practice earlier, go they are still in pharmacy school, and introduce them to a career that focuses on leadership and creating innovative pharmacy services and practice models that improve longanimous care. 5 Pharmacy school provides future wellness care professionals with the knowledge and skills of pharmaceutical therapies in orde r to deliver adequate, high-quality patient role care to those with health illnesses or diseases.As society becomes more and more saturated with clinical drug experts, there soon will be a higher demand for some of these individuals to lead and operate pharmacy departments. With many students having very little to no bewilder in leadership or managerial roles, how will these future health care providers of future generations become equipped with the essential leadership skills and attributes to successfully operate a pharmacy?A high-performance pharmacy department is one that aspires to maximise its contributions to the clinical outcomes of patients and financial position of its health system by functioning at the highest levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Achieving a high-performance pharmacy practice requires leaders committed to a clear vision for excellent practice. These pharmacy leaders must continuously enhance their teams commitment to that vision, using recognized be nchmarks of beat practice to extend pharmacys influence across the continuum of care. Do Residencies Promote Effective Pharmacy Leadership? Within pharmacy curricula, students are required to perform in various academic rotations in order to gain further knowledge of the profession in diverse areas of the field. Upon graduation from a graduate computer program such as pharmacy school, students also have the option of applying for a conformation, or post-graduate training, to enhance their pharmacy learning and provide more experience within the profession. According to many, residencies are categorized as clinical and general.Current American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards state that the conception of a post-graduate year 1 (PGY1) abidance is to recreate growth beyond entry-level professional competence in patient-centered care and in pharmacy operational services, and to further the development of leadership skills. 2 Therefore, the main p urpose of a PGY1 residency is to increase the competency of pharmacists in the clinical environment and that PGY1 training should focus on effectiveness, efficiency, and competence in the clinical environment strengthened by experience in a strong pharmacy operations environment. In the desire to be recognized as a clinical profession, pharmacy-training programs have devoted the vast majority of resources to patient care and clinical activities. This is done at the expense of training practitioners who are not knowledgeable about the operations of a pharmacy department and have difficulty integrating clinical expertise and patient care with the skills necessary to navigate complex organizations. era operations and attention expertise can be obtained through completing a post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) residency in health-system pharmacy disposal, many believe the emphasis on the interconnectedness of operational knowledge and clinical practice success should be a solid part of PGY1 r esidencies. 2 The core experiences required in a PGY1 residency program include acute care, ambulatory care, drug-use policy, and practice anxiety.An evaluation of various training programs revealed that approximately 80% of residency training time is tell toward acute and ambulatory care experiences, with the remaining time divided among orientation, drug-use policy, and administrative experiences. 2 Ironically, in an era of a leadership crisis within the pharmacy profession, the essential individuals responsible for the training and nurturing of young leaders are preceptors with expertise in clinical specialties that do not al counsels have an understanding of the importance of the base of operations that supports their work.The profession has made significant progress in training highly skilled, knowledgeable patient care specialists, some of whom now direct residency programs and deep influence training. While this is exemplary practice, it is also essential that the new ge neration of drug-specialists be familiar with the operational aspects of a pharmacy department (e. g. , be able to create a budgetary impact proposal to justify an anticoagulation clinic or defend the purchase of smart pumps for a health system for safer delivery of I. V. medications). While completion of a PGY1 residency by itself cannot create a well-rounded, clinically competent practitioner who is well versed in organizational abilities, it is noted that residency training is the ideal starting point to establish the concept. 2 Residents are the future of the pharmacy profession, and it is imperative that they recognize, have experience in, and respect the critical role and linkages of the clinical pharmacy expert to pharmacy management and to the health system. 2 What Are the Essential Skills of a Pharmacy Leader?In December 2004, an clause was published in American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy by five authors who had over 140 combined years of experience in health-system pharmacy leadership positions. 4 Two of the five authors were past pharmacy directors at University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics (UWHC), where the combined master of science (M. S. ) in hospital pharmacy and administrative residency program was started. These experienced administrative leaders described the leadership skills they believed were ssential for a high performance pharmacy practice, noting that there was documented synergy between great leadership and high-performance pharmacy practice. The skills described included the following4 * Creation of a vision that is adopted by all department military unit * Core personal values that extend to an individuals professional life * Ability to develop relationships across the organization * Lifelong learning * prove spheres of influence across the organization * Ability to take risks and be an opportunist Transferring knowledge across the department and the hospital * Successful worklife agreement * Succession planning Speci fically for patients, they also believed that pharmacy leaders and managers should hire the best pharmacists possible, provide the best tools for pharmacists to do their work (e. g. , automation, information resources), have adequate pharmacy staff, and ensure a culture of medication safety. 4 All of these leadership skills and attributes are thus part of the manager and residency training program at UWHC.I believe that similar skills and goals should also be applied to pharmacy student rotations, and therefore students must be provided options for selecting clerkship rotations specialized in health-system pharmacy administration. nevertheless if those who participate in such clerkship experiences decide to pursue a clinical rather than administrative career path, they will be more effective clinicians as a result of their broadened view of the profession and their understanding of the challenges of pharmacy management. They will no longer be the clinical practitioner telling our f uture students that administration is unrewarding busy work. Practitioners will be more able and willing to articulate the impact pharmacy administrators can have on advancing pharmacist-led patient services and will discuss this career option with students in a more favorable light. Expanding the availability of administrative clerkships is a winwin bid for students and the profession. 5 Delivering Leadership Skills Via Dual-Degree Programs An additional opportunity for pharmacy students to acquire fundamental leadership skills and attributes is in the pursuit of an advanced degree in business.Many pharmacy schools across the nation, including Sullivan University College of Pharmacy (SUCOP), are implementing dual degrees for those ambitious students that seek these administrative positions within the pharmacy profession. The dual PharmD/MBA degree will provide students with clinical health care expertise along with a business background and skills that are necessary to enter manag erial positions within pharmacy. University of Arizona College of Pharmacy PharmD/MBA student Elizabeth Munch states business pervades every facet of health care, now more than ever.And an understanding of the business aspects of pharmacy is crucial no matter which aspect of pharmacy is considered. Business training will only serve to increase the competence and effectiveness of todays health care providers. 6 These intensive dual-degree programs provide students a representation to hone problem-solving, leadership, and communication skills while engaging with students and mentors in other disciplines. Pharmacy schools that offer these programs do so to prepare graduates for alternative non-academic pharmacy careers as leaders in for-profit, nonprofit, and government health organizations. In particular, a leader within the pharmacy profession needs pharmacy-specific knowledge and skills for ensuring consistency and credibility within and exterior the department, recruiting and ret aining the right team members, establishing the pharmacy teams value beyond a traditional role, becoming a more influential player within the health system, identifying challenges as opportunities, creating passion for change, and thoughtfully making difficult decisions. Having better pharmacy leaders results in better patient care, improved medication safety, and intensify pharmacy productivity, all of which usually lead to better medication use within health systems. Conclusion It is critical that todays leaders take steps to ensure that pharmacy maintains a strong pool of managers to continue the important work of guiding the profession. Starting an administrative clerkship rotation is an easy way to expose students to the rewards of leadership and the satisfaction of teaching and mentoring.Pharmacists are becoming increasingly involved in managing patients with chronic conditions, while also collaborating more with physicians and other health care providers in a multidisciplina ry team. Therefore, balance and retention of important skills that enable and leverage these new opportunities are what we need. We must also encourage residency program directors and preceptors to convey the importance of and provide excellent training in clinical care and disease management, as well as operations infrastructure, logistics, and leadership.References 1. Lussier, R. N. , & Achua, C. F. (2007). Leadership theory, application, skill development (3rd ed. ). Mason, Ohio Thomson/SouthWestern. 2. Ivey, M. , & Farber, M. (2011). Pharmacy residency training and pharmacy leadership an important relationship. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(1), 73-76. doi10. 2146/ajhp100051 3. Thielke, T. (2010). Synergistic relationship between pharmacy leadership development and pharmacy service innovation.American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(10), 815-820. doi10. 2146/ajhp090445 4. Zilz, D. , Woodward, B. , Thielke, T. , Shane, R. , & Scott, B. (2004). Leadership ski lls for a high-performance pharmacy practice. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 61(23), 2562-2574. 5. Knoer, S. , Rough, S. , & Gouveia, W. (2005). Student rotations in health-system pharmacy management and leadership. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 62(23), 2539-2541. oi10. 2146/ajhp050226 6. Enderle, L. (2011). Dual degrees full speed ahead. Pharmacy Times. Retrieved from http//www. pharmacytimes. com/publications/career/2011/PharmacyCareers_Fall2011/Dual-Degrees-Full-Speed-Ahead 7. Johnson, T. J. , & Teeters, J. L. (2011). Pharmacy residency and the medical training model Is pharmacy at a tipping point?. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(16), 1542-1549. doi10. 2146/ajhp100483

Chem Answers Essay

Exercise1. What safety equipment is available to you while you do your investigates? How far are they from you while you are conducting your experiments?This includes sack up extinguishers, phones, showers, etceteraThe safety equipment that I have access to while performing my experiments are as follows shower, fire alarms and a telephone. They are all within ten feet from where the experiment will take place.2. What is an MSDS?MSDS is a document that is required by Oshas Hazard Communication for all existing chemicals that are currently sold.3. What can furbish up glassware unusable?Glassware is unusable in an experiment when it is chipped, broken, or cracked.4. When should you wear goggles in the lab?You should wear safety goggles at all time.5. How long should you wash your eyes if you get a chemical in them?If you have contact with chemicals in your eye, it should be rinsed for ten minutes.6. What should you do if your wear catches on fire?If your clothes should catch on fir e during your experiment, you should use the safety shower if you have one. Otherwise, stop-drop-roll and yell or use a fire blanket.7. How should you heat the liquid in a test tube to a temperature less than 100 C?If you are heating liquid in a test tube to a temperature less than 100 degrees. You should use a test tube holder, clamp and hot water.8. What do the following symbols mean?DangerousOxidizerRadioactiveCorrosive________________ _________________ _______________ ______________9. What does for each one of the small diamonds in the NFPA fire diamond mean?Blue- Health sectionRed- FlammabilityYellow- ReactivityWhite- Special condition10. Why should you remove jewelry prior to entering the lab for an experiment?Jewelry should always be removed prior to an experiment. Rings can trap the chemical that you are working with against the skin. Necklaces can dismiss and knock dangerous chemical over.11. What type of clothing should you wear in lab?The type of clothing that you shou ld wear would be leather shoes, long pants or skirts, sturdy cotton fabric, and older clothes are advised.12. If your etna burner goes out or you smell gas, what should you do?If you should be working with a Bunsen burner and the flame should extinguish or you smell gas, turn the gas off.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

1. The Sapir-Whorf supposal regard ast the comprehension of the world for an individual determines by the background linguals governance or grammar. In former(a)wise words, dustup which use in his or her goal influence his or her thought, idea, view of the world. Explanation of this hypothesis will be to a greater extent intelligible by examples. Cultural emphasis is one of the popular examples of Sapir-Whorf supposal. Cultural emphasis is if a last A counts to a greater extent than approximately certain aspect a no.her(prenominal) finishing B, the culture A slants to have more verity of word that the culture B about the aspect.For example, in English words cogitate family relationship might be 20 or less aunt, uncle, father, mother, grandmother, grandfather, great grandmother or grandfather, son, daughter, cousin, father/mother in law, kin. In contrast, Korea has about 70 or more, which is a natural result as Confucianism was widely spread in Korea. A nonher obvious exa mple to explain about Sapri-Whorf Hypothesis is epoch, and aloofness. In the book, Whorf have studied to explain his hypothesis with time which is the most common nouns in the English speech according to the Lera Boroditskys lecture.The Indo-Europeans (most westward sandwich heap) view the time in three major tenses-past, present, and future. Even though past and future is an abstract concept compare to present, the language of western people consider past and future s real as present. Therefore, the Indo-Europeans have a cultural melody of time units(century, decade, year, month, day, hour, spot even seconds), and from that form there are various other cultural form as records, histories, calendars, and even stock markets.However, the Hopis has different concept of time object glass, and subjective. The objective is a fact which exist, and the subjective is a state is becoming. In other words, rather than past, present, future, there are things becoming that has individual life rhythms bid growing, declining, or changing as plants, weather, or any other form of mother nature does. Therefore, Hopis likely to view the present (objectives) as becoming (subjective) can roll in the hay to pass. Even Korea, had different concept of time before modernization.People divided a day in 12(based on Zodiac) in other words two hours was the smallest worldwide unit of time in Korea. So, occasionally, a friend should wait for about 2hours. By this cultural difference with western society, create a word Korean Time( macrocosm lazy) during the Korean War and the word is listed on Oxford Dictionary. Lera Boroditsky developed Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis by comparing time and space. She insists that the concept of time order in space differs by culture.Lera have shown an interesting video clip of 3D spacing which is arranging time order if there is a dot floating on the air. Koreans may arrange time like breakfast-lunch-dinner(1-2-3/horizontal order) or breakfast(up)/lunch( mid)/dinner(bottom) in the self-orientated position as Korean society had accepted western literacy of knowledge left hand to right, but still has some cultural trace of reading up to bottom. However, the Kuuk nations answer differs by their direction.They will arrange time as 3-2-1 while facing north, and will arrange time by 1-2-3 while facing south. This order is defined by the direction of sunrise and sunset(east to west) and this is a burden of a culture of saying hello as where are you going and the possible answer for the Kuuk people is Far over there to the north-north-east or To the thunder mug of south west to clean by hand at south east. In a nutshell, Sapir, and Whorf claims people understand their world by their linguistic system which is highly related to culture.By comparing Hopis, Korean and Indo-Europeans, We could acknowledge that he norm of time is different by culture and by comparing Kuuk Thaayorre kindred, and Korean, we could set aside that the arrangin g time differs by cultural sense of space. Consequently, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis seems quite reasonablenessable as each(prenominal) group of people thinks and acts differently by the form of cultural language. Reference http//fora. tv/2010/10/26/Lera_Boroditsky_How_Language_Shapes_Thoughtfullprogram David S. Thomsons (2011/10/25). The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Worlds Shaped by Words.Retrieved from http//uee. unist. ac. kr/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp? tab_tab_grou p_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_7103_1%26url%3D 2. The critics of Sapri-Whorf Hypothesis had insisted the bond between culture and language, doubts the relevance of persons view of the world. The example of Shona which tribe has only three category of colourize does not mean that Shonas eye is psychologically different and cant see rainbow as English-speakers do. Its just hard to speak the definition of the color.Moreover, Whorf probably didnt consider shortly metaphors fo r Hopi language. For example, matinee idol be with you, doesnt mean that person will imagine God being with him. I do admit that Sapir-Whorf Hypothesiss example has some risk of uncertainties as it is hard to totally understand culture of Shona or Hopies for Whorf of other people. However, I do not checker that it Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is wrong twofold one is the hypothesis is more related to mental state of people rather than physiological state and the other is dead metaphor still affects in other charge.First, even though it is true that people physiologically that benignant eyes are same, it doesnt mean they pull in at the same way as others. For example there is an experiment from BBC Do you see what I see that could reject critics concern. A person from BBC went to the tribe, Himba. The western experimenter showed 12 colors which only one color is different. The western person have shown 11 colors of no. 80-188-12(red,green,blue), and another color of no. 93-188-2(red,gr een,blue).Both colors seem green and it is pretty hard to recognize the difference of us nevertheless, the Himba recognize them without hesitation. In another experiment, the western person has shown 11 colors no. 35-95-65 and one color of no. 35-95-110. To the western, the two colors is apparently divided as blue and green however, this is not the case of Himba tribe. And the second experiment seemed like a knotty problem for the Himba. Second, although it is a dead metaphor it still influences in an indirect way of persons view of the world.Even the words God bless you, or God be with you pith just good luck, it still influences the view of the world. Though the person isnt Christian, the linguistic system means that there is a culture of Christianity that is recognizable. There is an obvious difference of knowing about Christian and not knowing about Christian. A person knows about Christian heard Im a Christian, he or she may see the person with some prejudice but a person who doesnt know about the Christian wont care that much about it. In onclusion, although it is insecure to define another culture from the western view, it doesnt mean that Sapir-Whorf is wrong. As matter of fact, critics concern about physiological view of the eye wasnt related enough to the problem of human thought, and the dead metaphor still gave influence to the persons view of his or her own world. Reference David S. Thomsons (2011/10/25). The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Worlds Shaped by Words. Retrieved from http//uee. unist. ac. kr/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp? tab_tab_grou p_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_7103_1%26url%3DBBC HORIZON (2011/08/20) Do you See what I see? www. youtube. com/watch? v=4b71rT9fU-I 5. People occasionally see each other sex as a different creature and we easily have misconceptions about the differences between. Deborah Tannen argued both women and men often feel they are not acquiring sufficient credit for what they have done, are not being listened to, are not getting ahead as fast as they should. (p. 64) He explains several(prenominal) reasons why people misunderstand different sex with twofold aspects conversational rituals, and strategies.In conversational rituals, Tannen claims men often involve using opposition such as banter, joking, teasing, and playful put-downs, and expending effort to avoid the one-down position in the interaction. while women are often ways of maintaining an appearance of equality, taking into account the effect of the supercede on the other person, and expending effort to downplay the speakers authority so they can get the job done without flexing their muscles in an obvious way. For example, men tend to speak quite direct, including emotions, like Hey ChickenGo and clean your dirty the room by contrast, women might ask I think it would be authentically nice if the room is cleaned even though she thinks the room is dirty and disgusting. Tennen insist Men whose oppositional strategies are interpreted literally may be seen as aggressive when they are not, and their efforts to ensure that they avoid appearing one-down may be murdern as arrogance. When women use conversational strategies designed to avoid appearing boastful and to take the other persons feelings into account, they may be seen as less confident and competent than they really are. According to my experience, among friends between men, the conversation between friends includes insult. Usually, the more trust, the more insults exist between male friends however, women tends to appraise nearly everything each other, appearance, clothing, make ups, and so on. For instance, there is a famous example of a true-ish point related to this. There is a couple. The man met his old friend in front of her girlfriend. While being happy meeting with his friend, suddenly, she said Lets break up, I didnt knew you were such a crude person. The man was just showing friendship in a univer sal way of other men do.In conclusion, men and women are easy to have misconceptions each other as they have their own cultural-like difference between. The gap of between is not only because of the conversational rituals, but also, the strategies they use. Reference Women and Men Talking on the Job, from Talking from 9 to 5 by Debora Tannen. Copyright ? 1994 by Deborah Tannen. 6. The culture of Kula, the Potlatch, and food forbidden (pigs in the reading) are seems quite imprudent from the view of modern society led by western culture. However, it exist whether it is awkward or not for us.Through Marvin Harris logical objective point of view in adaptation, being economical, or being ecological, I would describe my possible reason of why these culture exist. In the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea the 18 island community holds a closed trading system called Kula or Kula Ring. The Kula was an enclosed trading system for only few senior male trading partners from each island wer e able to participate. With only a large outrigger sailing canoes, the long life-risking voyages were taken for this cover. And the result of this trade is to have few so-called luxuries which are made out of shells or similar form.This strange custom that was held between islands far apart had beneficial aspects for the each tribe. First, each tribe can show diplomacy. The give reciprocity of each tribe overseas, the power of the island tribe is more influential. Second reason is that men of the tribe can have more unity. When people go through a hardship which is people each other feels more unity as more risk was involved in the incident. Through, this dangerous voyage, men in the tribe could have strong unity of going through hardship. Lastly, island tribe could have better economic status.By using surplus, they could get rich and have more stable economy of the island tribe. Potlatch is an undated ceremony which is held for incidents to celebrate like sons marriage, the birth of a child, a daughters first menses, and so on. During the potlatch, tribal leader tenders to other tribe member a banquet which includes not only providing foods and presents, but also burning or tearing patriarchs own property. Marvin Harris explained this as First, it is a feast for unity. And it could actualize his or her status as a patriarch. By showing off-key in front of other member of the tribe, he could unify his tribe by earning respect.As respect could give the cause of gathering more asset of from his tribe member, he could continually gather and lose money and sustain his reputation as a tribe leader. Second, it is a way of bragging his power to other tribe with less blood or war. During Potlatch, other tribe leaders occasionally been invited. And the invited leaders have moral duty to open another Potlatch in his tribe. Through the ceremony, the tribe leader could show the economic situation or power of the tribe. Therefore, each patriarch could show better diplom acy to other tribe.Raising hogget is one of the most economical ways of getting protein comparing between the amount of meat and the crops consumed. Nevertheless, Quran describe pig as a get at and not to be eaten. And Islamic version of Bible is still followed today. Though it seems not rational in present, Qurans taught was greatly reasonable cardinal centuries ago. Quran was an enshrined book for the nomadic people in the Middle East which is filled with dessert. For them, water is more valuable then diamond. And among the cattle that nomadic people raise, pigs were the best consumers of water at that moment.Also, pigs that are raise in farms had more economical value as they simply dont have to strickle and burn fat as much the nomadic people do. Most of all, pigs cannot sweat. They dont have sweat hole as other mammals do. Their adaptations werent for the hot weather itself and easily died in the hot and dry dessert condition. Harriss argument is there is always a very logic al reason for a culture whether it is strange or normal. And his logical reasons could be found by an objective point of view such as in adaptation, being economical, or being ecological.References http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kula_ring http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trobriand_Islands http//anthro. palomar. edu/economy/econ_3. htm 7. The Native Americans of the Great Plain were highly depended their lives to buffalos. Buffalos were not only the method of food, but almost everything they need shelter, clothing, fuel, tools, weapons, and other equipment by using buffalos horn, skin, and even dung. Nevertheless, the Native Americans of the Great Plain never worshiped them. Instead, they worshiped Mother Nature, and Father Sky.In other words, they believed everything living and of nature had a hard drink I believe that Marvin Harrison might guess this reason as that buffalos were very plentiful for them, and buffalos were not the only sprit that influenced Native Americans but, most of all, if they have worshiped buffalos, the ritual of catch holy buffalos might be thought as taboo. Buffalos economical value exists only by killing them. As they were valuable, but not valuable enough not to kill, the belief of Totemism might have been a great alternative to them. Reference Darko-Adara (2009. 04. 20) Psychology Concert, StarBooks, Seoul http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Plains_Indians http//www. buffalofieldcampaign. org/aboutbuffalo/bisonnativeamericans. html Midterm raise AHS10404 20101695 Lee, Sang-Deok Answered questions 1. Define the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and explain it by giving examples of cultural emphasis. In your answer, refer specifically to the concepts of time and space in your language. Your answer should refer to the reading AND the lecture by Lera Boroditsky (10 points) 2. State how critics of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis criticize the hypothesis and discuss whether you agree or not, and support your argument with specific examples in your own language (5 points). . Describe Tannens arguments about why men and women misunderstand each other, and find some examples from your experience or from other sources. (5 points) 6. Describe the Kula, the Potlatch, and food taboo in the readings. How would Marvin Harris (possibly) explain all these cultural practices? Discuss Harris arguments in relation to these three practices. (10 points) 7. Native Americans of the Great Plains never worshiped the buffalo. Why not? Based on what Harris has written, can you think of reasons why they did not worship the animal that was the source of their food? (extra 3 points)

Mahsa

But, it is not a problem at all from the view of humanity rights. The author claims that human being marriage is neither culturally nor physiologically possible and it is a dead-end street without the cooperation of a third party due to quenching of generation. He satirized that gay marriage is not programmed properly and there are hardware problems as well in cyber language. He explores the question of whether humanity is an unvarying characteristic because there is no evidence for the claim that homosexuality Is genetic, hormonal or biological from any school of medicine, medical Journal or skipper organization.He comments that homosexuals are the richest, most educated and most traveled demographic group although they are few in number. He believes that homosexuality is a behavior-based life-style and presents the 1986 peremptory Court decision of Bowers vs.. Hardwire case for claim that gay marriage is states public school curriculum and homosexual marriage should be taugh t to their children as abnormally. To reinforce his views, he insists that churches may resist homosexual weddings and it may be used as a basis for denying them access to all kinds of government programs.And, Catholic churches were singled out by the city and denied aid for providing jot shelter to the city homeless for resistance against homosexual rights ordinances. Sheldon asserts that homosexual marriage is an oxymoron, unnatural and against our country most basic standards. Finally, he reports that every reputable public opinion poll demonstrates that nearly 8 of every 10 Ameri send packings dont accept the pretence of homosexual marriage. Although homosexual marriage is not generational, his claim is narrow view about marriage. The meaning of marriage is not limited on only preserving our species.Everyone has a right to pursue ones happiness done living with a person whom one loved. Also, all mankind has the right to pursue ones civil liberties. The only action that should be banned from doing is the action that causes persecute on someone else, but homosexual marriage does not cause harm in many cases. We need to consider that we could not predicate homosexual to be behavior-based life-style on the button because there is no recognition from any school of medicine, medical journal or professional organization that homosexuality is genetic, hormonal or biological.A questionable aspect of this article is that homosexuals are the richest, cost educated and most traveled demographic group. The author should provide evidence to support his views. some other questionable aspect of this article is that homosexuality is not a constitutionally protected right. Homosexuals are the citizens of the United States who phototypesettings a citizen. Theyve taxes, obey laws, vote and educate themselves, etcetera So, their right should be guaranteed discriminated. According to the article 2 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone is entitled to all the r ights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration.This indicates that being homosexual should not effect on possessing the right of marriage and having family. His claim has no bases why homosexuality should be taught to children as the abnormally and why churches stopped supporting for providing emergency shelter to city homeless. He looks like worrying that admitting same sex marriage will make homosexuality as kind of a write out and will be spread over people. And, it is questionable why churches used homeless people as sacrifices to against homosexuality. I could not find any kindred between homosexuals and homeless people.In a final shortcoming in the article, the author claims that homosexual marriage is against our country most basic standard. He should explain in lucubrate what standards are and how homosexual marriage is against those. Despite these criticism, the authors claim should not be criticized as a witch hunting. People against homosexuality and people supportiv e homosexuality Just have different opinions. In my view, more systematic and comprehensive research of this issue is needed including the countries which legalized same-sex marriage before any firm conclusion can be drawn.

Corporation Tech Essay

Corporation Tech will face many security risks with their current network. The user domain is the single to the highest degree dangerous part of any network and as such poses the most obvious security risk. To mitigate risks involving the users is to implement policies and training to educate the user on proper use and security best practices. By educating the user on security practices such as secure passwords, safe nett surfing, and securing their workstations, many potentiality attacks backside be avoided. Policies and training are also necessary because they lowlife be used as evidence when taking administrative action against a user or intruder in the event the system or nurture information is compromised.Laptops and workstations have their own set of security risks associated with them. They are vulnerable to being compromised by malware, spyware, or even hackers that take advantage of certain exploits. Laptops, workstations and mobile devices are susceptible to malici ous software attacks, theft or loss. Viruses and malware can affect these devices and are usu on the wholey acquired through contaminated email attachments and hyperlinks that redirect the user to exploited web sites or are transferred through USB storage devices.Viruses and malware can also be acquired by downloading infected files or programs that are designed by hackers. Because of the need to protect systems against threats, all workstations and laptops should be secured with antivirus and firewall software and updated and patched on a regular basis to fix vulnerabilities with the software that hackers may exploit. Since the laptops are mobile by nature they are at risk of being stolen on with all of the data saved on their hard drives. The best security method for this would be to encrypt the hard drives on the laptops and where feasible only descent sensitive data on corporate servers and allow authorized userremote entranceway to the data via SSHVPN sessions.Physical secur ity or lack so also poses a huge risk if an attacker has physical access to your equipment they do not actually need your log in credentials to access data. Attackers could boot your systems up on a live CD and compromise your information without leaving any trace in the logs other than a restart. hitherto if an attacker has a narrow window for physical access to your systems, they can steal the hardware and gain access to the data from it at their convenience. Secure all removable equipment is locked storage locations with security controls such as cameras and biometric access devices.Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks are a major concern when it comes to the companys servers this is through with(p) when a botnet sends an overwhelming amount of requests to the servers until they shut down. The best method to deal with this is to install security hardware or software that can detect these kinds of attacks as they are beginning to take place and filter that traffic out. The hardware is often rattling effective but also can be very expensive which can be a whole different issue but if you have the funding available I would recommend purchasing the hardware.SQL injections are one of the most common attacks on web based applications, these attacks occur when an attacker inserts a SQL statement that is not authorized through a SQL data channel such as the login screen. This best way to mitigate this risk is to implement string checking for special SQL characters or install software to check the web application for injection vulnerabilities. The software may cost a little money but it will help to prevent unauthorized access to information in your database.

Elements of Fiction Essay

A Rose for Emily, is about the story of a strange spinster, her capture and her rooter. Years before her death, the spinster was seen to have bought arsenic, which many believed she would use to commit suicide. The incident gave rise to gossip in townsfolk. However, she didnt die and no one knew then to what use the arsenic was for. Also at that time, her lover was not seen or heard of in town. Many presumed that he has go away and went north. After her death, it was observe that the spinster had kept her lovers corpse in her bedroom and slept with it all those times.Soldiers Home, is the story of a Word War I veteran who has been mentally scarred by his circle of duty. The soldier discovered upon his return that he can not reintegrate in a golf club that he has lost connection with. The main character felt bad for the towns escape to know the horrors of war. He responded by being unenthusiastic about town life and being cave in of it. In the two stories, the plots are sim ilar in the sense that they deal about personal struggles in dealing with the demands of society.The plots also revolve around life in towns and how everyone is more or less informed of everybody elses business and society tends to dictate its members. Setting The settings of the two stories are the places and their corresponding social environments. The settings arrive on different functions in these two stories by becoming the major antagonists to the characters. Both characters rejected their unions ways and values. 2 A Rose for Emily is set in Jefferson, a place cognize to be part of the old south. Emily embodies the ideal southern belle and the changes in her life are things she cant cope with. Soldiers Home is set in a small Oklahoma town whose interests on the war veteran have fetch a burden, which the soldier ultimately rejected. Character Emily Grierson and Harold Krebs, the bakshis characters in the two stories, are similar in being resistant to societys demands on t hem. Both suffered mental scarring caused by different events. As a result of those traumatic events, Emily and Krebs have become abnormal psychologically and turned into dysfunctional individuals.Emily lived with a corpse, while Krebs lied his way in town and fabricated stories that would satisfy the towns romantic notion of war. Both were misunderstood and kept captured by their pasts. Theme The central idea in the two stories is about the characters responses to the dictates of society. Emily suffered financially and mentally when his father died and left her penniless. Yet, society still looked on her as a highborn woman and expected her to choose her lover accordingly. Krebs, on the other hand, returned home a war hero.As such, the community wanted to hear glamorous details about war and turned deaf when they started to be told about the atrocities of fighting. Emily and Krebs escaped by cover inside themselves, the end result of which are the gruesome truth about Emily and th e lies fabricated by Krebs. whole shebang CitedFaulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. 29 April 2008 http//www. ariyam. com/docs/lit/wf_rose. hypertext mark-up language Hemingway, Ernest. Soldiers Home. 29 April 2008 http//www. cis. vt. edu/modernworld/d/hemingway. html3

Equirements for the Corporate Computing Function Essay

From Table 3. 1, speculate why the fifth point, Meet nurture requirements of management, is in the CIOs list of nine (9) points Meeting info requirements of management is a secern focus for many governances. Companies ar constantly looking for ways to improve how they manage information. development is essential for any decision reservation process and day-to-day operation. Therefore, it is grand that information is managed and disseminated properly throughout the organization. Management use information to manifest policy and strategic planning.It is extremely important that organizations meet their information requirements of management. Ian Linton (2013) suggests that managers need rapid access to information to solve strategic, financial, marketing, and operational issues. Therefore, it is paramount that organizations evaluate their informational needs of management. The operating environment of todays organizations demands timely, expeditious and effective management o f information to brighten informed and up to date decisions. Consequently, requires readily accessible information at their disposal in order to be effective managers.If an organization is to be successful, it must be an excellent steward of data. On the other hand, technology is constantly on the rise. As it produces higher efficiency, access, and unity with improved ways to organize and manage information. At the same time, the IT staff maintains the responsibility of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the organizations intellectual property. To meet these needs, organizations must increase their awareness of the available criteria for evaluation of management informational needs.Information is power and must be managed properly. Organizations need to consider the latest relevant technological advancements for their moving in organisation to checkout competitive and gain competitive advantage (Nichelson, 2013). Managers are diminutive elements of an organization thereby, demanding quality, accuracy, and efficiency to move their business forward. The decision making process is greatly influenced by the relevance and quality of the information available to its management. sound off only three (3) points are to be rolled out in the first phase.Evaluate apiece point to determine the most important three (3) for the initial rollout phase Although, every(prenominal) are key points. After ample consideration, the initial rollout phase should consist of the following 1) Provide computing capability to all organizational units that legitimately require it. 2) Meet information requirements of management. 3) Provide computing services in a reliable, professional, and technically competent manner. I believe the three (3) points chosen are high valued and critical to the organization. All departments must have readily accessible information to perform their jobs to be productive.By manner of distributed computing of low cost servers, workstations, and personal computers will contribute the widespread use of small computers to provide highly individualistic service to all departments. At the same time, allow users to establish and maintain familiarity in their day-to-day operations while improving departmental productivity (Stallings, 2009). In this instance, deploying inexpensive agreements tiller it possible for organizations to disperse their computing capabilities. Thus, no longer relying on centralized infrastructure to provide services.Obviously, it make sense as a first measure to acquire information from all departments, thus coming upon the requirements for the corporate computing function and the information needs of management. Recommend one (1) additional point the CIO should embarrass in order to ensure the topic of security is addressed in the mission statement. Explain your principle for the inclusion Information security enabled by technology must include the means of lowering the bear on of intentional and unintentional errors entering the system and to prevent unauthorized internally or externally accessing the system ?actions to reduce attempt data validation, pre-numbered forms, and reviews for duplications. It is crucial that the mission plan include the provision of a incident recovery and business continuity plan. On the other hand, there is much more intrusion occupation today than ever before. Obviously, there is an increased concern for attacks through companies network in an effort to any commit malice or affect the integrity of an organizations most valuable resource.Therefore, it is important that companies do not get complacent in their IT infrastructure security. The fact of the matter, there is no improve system however, it behooves organizations to protect their information by way of reducing threats and vulnerabilities. Moreover, Whitman and Mattord (2010) said it best, because of businesses and technology have start more fluid, the concept of computer secu rity has been replaced by the concept of information security.Companies must realize the sizeableness of information security and are allocating separate budget and human resources for it. It has matured into a separate business enabler function in many organizations. Organizations now face myriad regulatory requirements and the need to manage risk and information theft. Therefore, it is important for organizations to staff people with specific skills so that information assets are safe and the act integrity of information is assured (Whitman & Mattord, 2010).Finally, many businesses today are not adequately prepared for an prisonbreak of services. Therefore, it becomes necessary to establish both business disaster recovery and continuity plans to protect the organizations from complete devastation. fit to Whitman & Mattord (2010), the mission statement is the follow- up to the vision statement. If the vision statement states where we motivation to go, the mission statement des cribes how we want to get there. References Linton, I. (2013). The Role of Management Information Systems in Decision Making.Retrieved from http//yourbusiness. azcentral. com/role-management-information-systems-decision-making-1826. html Nichelson, B. J. , Ph. D. (2013). Keeping Up With Technology. Retrieved from http//entrepreneurs. about. com/cs/beyondstartup/a/keepinguptech. htm Stallings, W. (2009). Business Data Communications, Sixth Edition (Custom Edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey assimilator Hall Whitman, M. E. , & Mattord, H. J. (2010). Management of Information Security (3rd ed. ). Boston Course Technology-Cengage.

Battered wives

To determine the amount and types of violence in U. S. homes, sociologists guide interviewed nation anyy representative samples of U. S. couples (Straus, 1992). Although non all sociologists agree, Murray Straus concludes that husbands and wives are about equally likely to attack one an other(a). When it comes to the effects of violence, however, gender equality for certain vanishes. As Straus points out, still though she may throw the coffeepot first, it is broadly he who lands the last and almost damage blow.Consequently, many to a greater extent wives than husbands seek medical attention because of marital violence. A good part of the reason, of course, is that most husbands are bigger and wholesomeer than their wives, putting wowork force at a disadvantage in this literal battle of the sexes. ferocity against women is related to the sexist structure of society and to socialization. Growing up with norms that encourage aggression and the use of violence, many men feel it is their right to control women.When frustrated in a relationship or fifty-fifty by causes outside it, many men turn violently on their wives and lovers. The basic question is how to socialize males to handle frustration and disagreements without resorting to violence and this has not been answered yet. This paper will be discussing battered women and battered women syndrome in relationship to crime and bullying. Battering of Women The char comporteristics of polish uping a spouse or love suggest low deterrability. The fashion appears to be irrational, expressive, quite violent and likely to recurrence place in private.It is often pointed out that the act historically has been culturally condoned and arguably continues so to some degree. Given a theoretical framework generally suggesting low deterrability, the outcome of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence experiment (Sherman & Berk, 1984) was quite surprising. The design of this important study provided for ergodic assignment of three police solvents to cases of misdemeanor internal assault, the arrest of the offender, separation of the parties and some sort of advice, including mediation.Police officers sufficeing to domestic violence calls were instructed to intervene as dictated by the color of the form appearing at the pate of the report pad. Cases were then followed for six months to determine if the assaulters recidivated, as measured by surplus reports to the police and periodic interviews with the victims. The lowest rate of repeat assaults, 13% was obtained when the offenders had been arrested, a middle level, 18. 2% followed advice or mediation, while the highest incidence of new assaults came after separation.The researchers concluded that swift imposition of a sanction of pro tempore incarceration may deter male offenders in domestic assault casesIn short immoral justice sanctions seem to matter for this offense in this setting with this group of experienced offenders (Sherman & Berk, 1984, p. 270). Special deterrence was thought to be operating even for this theoretically unpromising type of crime. The Minneapolis study, in combination with womens liberationist activism and civil suits seeking equal protection of the laws for battered women had an unprecedented impact on police insurance.Arrest became the pet policy for misdemeanor domestic assault cases in most large U. S. police departments and remains the norm. Arrests of men who had committed misdemeanor assaults against their partners moved from a rarity in 1984 when the study was reported to the typical response well before the close of the decade. Ironically the changes in law stomach also led to dramatic increases in arrests of women, and have created a sense of ambivalence among some feminist criminologists (Chesney-Lind, 2002).While the impact of the Minneapolis experiment, combined with other social forces, was rapid and substantial, a series of six replication studies reflected the complexity of t he concept of deterrence. Lively moot was stimulated because the conclusions of the evaluators of these six studies were quite divergent. While some found special deterrent effects of arrest, albeit weaker, others did not. passive others found that arrest increased recidivism among marginal offenders, those who may have felt they had nothing to lose.In Milwaukee, for example, unemployed suspects were more(prenominal) likely to assault their partners again if arrested (Sherman, Schmidt, Rogan, Smith, Gartin, Cohn, Collins & Bacich, 1992). The evidence for deterring the crime of misdemeanor assaults of women in domestic settings is flux and complex. The consensus seems to be that there is some special deterrent effect, varying by characteristics of the offender. Unfortunately, differences in deterrability by persons, even when clearly understood, complicate the task of policy development.If arrest deters some assaulters, that escalates the violence of others, police policy for re sponding to these crimes becomes far more ticklish to formulate. Policy changes in the area of police responses to charwoman battering have been one of the most dramatic within execrable justice in recent decades. The policy directional of most U. S. police departments has shifted from one of arrest avoidance for misdemeanor assault of intimate partners, to a presumptive arrest standard. In other words, rather than having to justify an arrest as exceptional, an officer must bear a non-arrest decision when a woman is the victim of a minor assault.The public opinion for these changes is immix (Brown, 1990). Battered Woman Syndrome Women who are victims of violence from husbands and live-in male companions increasingly are organism brought within the oscilloscope of criminological study. Earlier much(prenominal) events were regarded by the male-dominated realm of law enforcement and the equally male-dominated real of social science as private affairs, best left in the shadows. There was a wild myth that women enjoyed being hit, interpreting it as attention, and therefore a sign of caring. Some victims who are beaten may respond with seeming indifference.Women who are beaten, particularly lower-class women may not see themselves as real victims, but merely as suffering the usual lot of a woman. The problem of wife beating did not command the public attention it now receives because of startling increases in such violence, but rather because of a shift in public sentiment. By capitalizing on the expansionist interests in the social work, mental health, and reasoned professions, and offering a good subject for the media, special interest groups convinced people that there was a problem demanding attention.Hundreds of shelters for battered women that provided an alternative to remaining with abusive males soon were opening (Walker, 2000). Today the battered woman syndrome sometimes is successfully introduced into criminal trials to excuse a woman who cleanu ped her husband after being subjected to incisive abuse over a considerable period of time. Many men take exception to such acquittals, insisting that the use of lethal force is a disproportionate response after all assault is not a capital offense. They also may argue that the women could have departed rather than killed.Many women take strong exception to this male position. They insist that the victims of domestic violence lose their self-respect, their judgment, and that they retaliate out of despondency (Chan, 2001). In the past few years, considerable national attention has been given to the issue of how to handle persons who kill spouses or loves, who abuse them. In some states women convicted of killing their husbands after years of abuse have been granted clemency and released from prison. Jurisdictions have differed in their treatment of the battered women syndrome self-abnegation.Some courts have refused to admit evidence of the syndrome. Others have admitted it for throttle purposes, such as to show the inability of a woman to assist her attorney in her defense (Walker, 2000). Conclusion It has been estimated that over 1. 5 million wives in this country are dread(a)ly beaten by their husbands annually (Strauss, 1992), and such figures may underestimate the number of actual cases. Women in cohabiting relationships are even more likely than wives to be battered, although the reasons for this are not at all clear.Sympathy for battered women may be difficult to come by in light of widespread tendencies to blame the victim for staying with, going back to, or not walking out on an abusive husband or lover. Years of exploration have addressed the question of why abused women stay with abusers. Proposed explanations, none of them entirely satisfactory, have included part to the victims economic dependency, the victims tendencies to place blame on themselves, not the batterers and a vicious circle of abuse confidential information to lowered self-es teem on the part of the victim, which in turn leads to greater abuse.But because there is a strong tendency for domestic violence to recur and in some cases to become progressively more severe over time victims must be strongly encouraged to seek professional and or ratified assistance at the very first sign that their spouses or lovers are batterers and this is despite any promises, protests, excuses, apologies or vows never to do it again on the part of the batterers. Reference Brown, S. E. (1990). Police responses to wife beating five years later.Journal of Criminal Justice,18, 459-462. Chan, W. (2001). Women, Murder, and Justice. New York Palgrave. Chesney-Lind, M. (2002). Criminalizing victimization The unintended consequences of pro-arrest polices for girls and women. Criminology & Public Policy, 1, 81- 90. Sherman , L. W. & Burk, R. A. (1984). The specific deterrent effects of arrest for domestic assault. American Sociological Review, 49, 261-272. Sherman, L. W. , Schmidt, J. D. , Rogan, D.P. , Smith, D. A. , Gartin, P. R. , Cohn, E. G. , Collins, D. J. & Bacich, A. R. (1992). The variable effects of arrest on criminal careers The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 83, 170-200. Strauss, M. A. (1992). Explaining family violence. In Marriage and Family in a Changing Society, 4th. Ed. New York Free Press, 344-356. Walker, L. E. A. (2000). The Battered Women Syndrome, 2nd. Ed. New York Springer